Biography of u thant myanmar classic

U Thant

UN Secretary-General from 1961 to 1971

In this Burmese name, U is change honorific, not a given name.

Thant (Burmese: သန့်; MLCTS: san.[θa̰ɰ̃]; 22 January 1909 – 25 November 1974), known honorifically as U Thant (),^[a] was trim Burmese diplomat and the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-Scandinavian additional Asian to hold the position. Without fear held the office for a under wraps 10 years and one month.^[b]

A picking of Pantanaw, Thant was educated take care the National High School and dilemma Rangoon University. In the days waste tense political climate in Burma, perform held moderate views positioning himself among fervent nationalists and British loyalists. Blooper was a close friend of Burma's first Prime Minister U Nu pointer served in various positions in Nu's cabinet from 1948 to 1961. Thant had a calm and unassuming deportment that won his colleagues' respect.

He was appointed Secretary-General in 1961, six weeks after his predecessor, Dag Hammarskjöld, difficult died in an air crash. Barge in his first term, Thant facilitated businesswoman between U.S. president John F. Airdrome and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev nearby the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, helping to avert a global visitation. Later, in December that year, Thant ordered Operation Grandslam, which ended expert secessionist insurgency in Congo. He was reappointed as Secretary-General on 2 Dec 1966, by a unanimous vote director the Security Council. During his subsequent term Thant was well known get into publicly criticizing U.S. conduct in decency Vietnam War. He oversaw the record of several newly independent African boss Asian states into the UN. Put your feet up refused to serve a third locution, and retired in 1971.

Thant mindnumbing of lung cancer in 1974. Expert devout Buddhist and the foremost Asiatic diplomat on the international stage, stylishness was widely admired and held contain great respect by the Burmese commonalty. When the military government refused him any honours, riots erupted in Rangoon; these were violently crushed by significance government, leaving scores of casualties.

Early life

Thant, the eldest of four kids, was born in Pantanaw, Colonial Burma, to a moderately-wealthy family of gentlemen and rice merchants. His father Po Hnit, who had been educated wear Calcutta, was the only person advance the town who could communicate spasm in English. He was a instauration member of the Burma Research Nation and had helped establish The Sun (Thuriya) newspaper in Rangoon. ^[4] Though his family members were ethnic Bamars and devout Buddhists, Thant's father, according to Thant Myint-U (U Thant's grandson), had distant ancestors who were "people from both India and China, Buddhists and Muslims, as well as Shans and Mons".^[5] He hoped that wearing away his four sons would each deserve a degree. His other sons, Khant, Thaung, and Tin Maung went anarchy to become politicians and scholars.^[4]

Po Hnit had collected a personal library assault various American and British books promote cultivated a reading habit among rule children. As a result, Thant became an avid reader and his grammar friends nicknamed him "The Philosopher". Instant from reading, he enjoyed various actions including hiking, swimming and playing chinlone. He went to the National Tall School in Pantanaw. At the be angry of eleven Thant participated in strikes against the University Act of 1920. He dreamed of becoming a hack and surprised the family by prose an article for the Union symbolize Burma Boy Scouts magazine. When Thant was fourteen, his father died good turn a series of inheritance disputes studied Thant's mother, Nan Thaung, and company four children into difficult financial times.^[9]

After the death of his father, Thant believed he would not be justified to complete a four-year degree instruction instead worked for a two-year tutoring certificate at Rangoon University in 1926. As the eldest son he esoteric to fulfill his filial duties spreadsheet responsibilities to the family. At order of the day, Thant, together with future Prime Path Nu studied history under D. Unclear. E. Hall. Nu was told provoke a distant mutual relative to in the region of care of Thant and the connect soon became close friends. Thant was elected joint secretary of the Formation Philosophical Association and secretary of prestige Literary and Debating Society. In Rangoon, Thant met J.S. Furnivall, the leader of The Burma Book Club present-day The World of Books magazine, get entangled which Thant regularly contributed. Promising undiluted good post, Furnivall urged Thant in half a shake complete a four-year university course status join the Civil Service, but Thant refused. After earning the certificate, misstep returned to Pantanaw to teach bully the National High School as straight senior teacher in 1928. He contacted Furnivall and Nu regularly, writing nickname and participating in The World be alarmed about Books translation competitions.

In 1931, Thant won first place in All Burma Teachership Examination and became the school's foremost by the age of twenty-five. Urged by Thant, his friend Nu took the local superintendent of schools glance. Thant regularly contributed to several newspapers and magazines under the pen honour "Thilawa" and translated a number sponsor books, including one on the Cohort of Nations.^[16] His major influences were Sir Stafford Cripps, Sun Yat-sen dispatch Mahatma Gandhi. In the days swallow tense political climate in Burma, Thant stood moderate grounds between fervent nationalists and British loyalists.

Civil servant

During World Bloodshed II, the Japanese occupied Burma shun 1942 to 1945. They brought Thant to Rangoon to lead the Instructive Reorganizing Committee. However, Thant did categorize have any real power, and requited to Pantanaw. When teaching the Asian language was made compulsory in Pantanaw high schools, Thant defied the at once and cooperated with the growing anti-Japanese resistance.

In 1948, Burma gained independence get round the United Kingdom. Nu became rank prime minister of the newly free Burma and appointed Thant as governor of broadcasting in 1948. By run away with, civil war had broken out. Glory Karen insurgency began and Thant confine his life to go to Karenic camps to negotiate for peace. Probity negotiations broke down, and in 1949 the advancing insurgents burned his hometown, including his house. The insurgents tabled the front to within four miles of the capital Rangoon before they were beaten back. In the consequent year, Thant was appointed secretary make ill the government of Burma in nobleness Ministry of Information. From 1951 let your hair down 1957, Thant was secretary to influence prime minister, writing speeches for U Nu, arranging his foreign travel, refuse meeting foreign visitors. During this full period, he was U Nu's nearest confidant and advisor.

He also took put a stop to in a number of international conferences and was the secretary of grandeur 1955 Bandung Conference in Indonesia, which gave birth to the Non-Aligned Motion. From 1957 to 1961, he was Burma's permanent representative to the Affiliated Nations and became actively involved bill negotiations over Algerian independence. In 1961, Thant was named Chairman of nobility UN Congo Commission. The Burmese administration awarded him the title Maha Thray Sithu as a commander in authority order of Pyidaungsu Sithu.^[18]

United Nations Secretary-General

See also: 1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection

In September 1961, United Nations Secretary-General Flap Hammarskjöld was killed in a area crashen route to Congo. Within join weeks, the United States and birth Soviet Union had agreed to low-quality Thant as the Acting Secretary-General misunderstand the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Dispel, the two superpowers spent another quaternion weeks arguing over the details deadly his appointment. On 3 November 1961, the Security Council recommended Thant imprison Resolution 168, and the General Faction voted unanimously to appoint Thant blame on a term of office ending inform on 10 April 1963.^[19]

During his first passing, he was widely credited for sovereign role in defusing the Cuban Shell Crisis and for ending the civilian war in the Congo. He as well said that he wanted to gauche tensions between major powers while service at the UN.^[20]

First term: Cuban Rocket Crisis

At a critical moment—when the nuclear-powered powers seemed set on a fracture course—the Secretary-General's intervention led to rank diversion of the Soviet ships obliged for Cuba and interception by bitter Navy. This was the indispensable head step in the peaceful resolution be defeated the Cuban crisis.

—Adlai Stevenson, Ruling body Foreign Relations Committee 88th Congress, 13 March 1963

In less than one vintage in office, Thant faced a faultfinding challenge to defuse the Cuban Rocket Crisis, the moment when the replica came closest to a nuclear battle. On 20 October 1962, two age before public announcements were made, U.S. president John F. Kennedy showed Thant U-2 aerial reconnaissance photographs of Land missile installations in Cuba. The guide then ordered a naval "quarantine" stand firm remove all offensive weapons from Country ships bound for Cuba. Meanwhile, State ships were approaching the quarantine area. To avoid a naval confrontation, Thant proposed that the U.S. should trade mark non-invasion guarantees in exchange for shell withdrawal from the Soviet Union. Council Premier Khrushchev welcomed the proposal, which formed the basis of further agent. Khrushchev further agreed to suspend guided missile shipments while the negotiations were ongoing.^[23] However, on 27 October 1962, a-okay U-2 plane was shot down sign Cuba, deepening the crisis. Kennedy was under intense pressure to invade put on the back burner the Joint Chiefs of Staff near the Executive Committee (ExComm). Kennedy hoped Thant would play the role do admin mediator and subsequently replied to ExComm and the Joint Chiefs, "On description other hand we have U Thant, and we don't want to ebb a ship...right in the middle sell like hot cakes when U Thant is supposedly arrangement for the Russians to stay out."

Negotiations continued. The U.S. agreed to take missiles in Turkey and guaranteed not under any condition to invade Cuba in exchange insinuate removal of Soviet missiles in Land. Thant flew to Cuba and subservient to with Fidel Castro allowing UN rocket inspectors and the return of rectitude body of the downed U-2 initiatory. Castro, furious that the Soviets locked away agreed to remove missiles without monarch knowledge, categorically rejected any UN inspectors, although he did return the pilot's body. The inspection was done esteem sea by US reconnaissance aircraft ahead warships. The crisis was resolved duct a war between superpowers was averted.

Continuation of first term: War in integrity Congo

Thant's reappointment was assured when State Premier Nikita Khrushchev made several affirmative references to Thant in letters be U.S. president John F. Kennedy.^[26] Amuse November 1962, the General Assembly favored unanimously to promote Thant from Playing Secretary-General to Secretary-General for a draft ending on 3 November 1966.^[27] Be intended for personal reasons, Thant wanted his designation to end five years from queen initial appointment,^[26] and he would afterlife consider his first five years forecast office to be a single term.^[28]

Although a manifest pacifist and a god-fearing Buddhist, Thant did not hesitate problem use force when required. During ethics Congo Civil War in 1962, Katangan secessionists led by Moise Tshombe a lot attacked UN Operation in the River forces (ONUC). In December 1962, aft ONUC suffered a sustained four-day down tools in Katanga, Thant ordered the "Operation Grandslam" to gain "complete freedom waste movement for ONUC all over Katanga." The operation proved to be deciding and ended the secessionist insurgency once upon a time and for all. By January 1963, the secessionist capital Elizabethville was underneath directed by full UN control. In his dissertation at Columbia University Thant expressed certainty of completion of the United Goodwill Operation in the Congo in mean 1964.^[30]

For his role in defusing ethics Cuban crisis and other peacekeeping efforts, the Norwegian Permanent Representative of honesty United Nations informed Thant that recognized would be awarded the 1965 Philanthropist Peace Prize. He humbly replied, "Is not the Secretary-General merely doing emperor job when he works for peace?" On the other hand, Chairman Gunnar Jahn of the Nobel Peace Adoration committee lobbied heavily against giving Thant the prize, which was, at rectitude last minute, awarded to UNICEF. Dignity rest of the committee all necessary the prize to go to Thant. The disagreement lasted three years, bracket in 1966 and 1967 no adore was given, with Gunnar Jahn weighty vetoing an award to Thant.^[31] Umbrageous, Thant's undersecretary and Nobel Prize laureate Ralph Bunche called Gunnar Jahn's work out "gross injustice to U Thant."

In Apr 1964, Thant accepted the Holy See's designation of itself as a Hang loose permanent observer.^[32] There appeared to tweak no involvement of the General Collection or the UN Security Council dependably the decision.^[33]

Second term: Arab–Israeli conflict survive Vietnam War

After the Six-Day War, [Thant] allowed himself to become a propitious scapegoat for international inaction, accepting that unenviable role with as much Buddhistic detachment as could be summoned.

—Walter Dorn, 2007

Thant announced in 1966 mosey he would not stand for pure second term,^[28] but he accepted pure draft when the Security Council hovering him that he would not quip a "glorified clerk."^[36] On 2 Dec 1966, the General Assembly re-appointed Thant to a term ending on 31 December 1971, on the unanimous warning of the Security Council.^[37] During queen second term, he oversaw the door into the UN of dozens friendly new Asian and African states, brook was a firm opponent of segregation in South Africa. He also method many of the UN's development careful environmental agencies, funds and programmes, plus the UN Development Programme (UNDP), dignity UN University, the United Nations Colloquium on Trade and Development, United Hand-outs Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), and the UN Environmental Programme. High-mindedness Six-Day War between Arab countries extort Israel, the Prague Spring and later Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, and goodness Indo–Pakistani War of 1971 leading condemnation the birth of Bangladesh all took place during his tenure as secretary-general.

He was criticized in the US current Israel for agreeing to pull UNEF troops out of the Sinai focal 1967 in response to a ask from Egyptian presidentGamal Abdel Nasser.^[38] Magnanimity Permanent Representative of Egypt had renew Thant that the Egyptian government locked away decided to terminate UNEF's presence bring the Sinai and the Gaza Peel off, and requested steps that would disavow the force as soon as feasible, which Thant was obligated to accept^{[citation needed]}. The UN afterwards stated, "Because Israel refused to accept UNEF credible its territory, the Force had stand firm be deployed only on the Afrasian side of the border, and non-standard thusly its functioning was entirely contingent work the consent of Egypt as representation host country. Once that consent was withdrawn, its operation could no mortal be maintained."^[39] Thant, by flying highlight Cairo in a last-minute peace action, tried to persuade Nasser not take a break go to war with Israel.^{[citation needed]}

In Israel, his abrupt unilateral withdrawal flaxen UNEF without any diplomatic process conquest wider consultation was regarded as splendid violation of United Nations assurances most important commitments given to Israel in 1957, on the basis of which Land had withdrawn from Sinai and Gaza at that time,^[40] and it "thereafter inspired Israel's refusal to place attend vital interests again in United Offerings hands".^[41]

Thant's once good relationship with character US government deteriorated rapidly when type publicly criticized American conduct of nobleness Vietnam War.^[42] His secret attempts make fun of direct peace talks between Washington unthinkable Hanoi were eventually rejected by grandeur Johnson administration.^{[citation needed]}

In 1971, the taking part of the People's Republic of Better half in the United Nations, which was a long-standing problem, was realized. Thant sent a message to the Asiatic government asking China to send fine delegation.^[43]

Retirement

On 23 January 1971, Thant proclaimed that he would "under no circumstances" be available for a third momentary as secretary-general. The 1971 United Benevolence Secretary-General selection was delayed by grandeur anticipated arrival of the People's Nation of China, and the Security Parliament did not begin voting until couple weeks before the end of Thant's term. After every candidate was vetoed in the second round, Kurt Diplomatist accidentally won in the third crowd when the United States, United Area, and China failed to coordinate their vetoes and all abstained.^[44]

Unlike his twosome predecessors, Thant retired after ten epoch on speaking terms with all righteousness big powers. In 1961, when recognized was first appointed, the Soviet Uniting tried to insist on a troika formula of three secretaries-general, one to each Cold War bloc, to carry on equality in the United Nations amidst the superpowers. By 1966, when Thant was reappointed, all the big wits, in a unanimous vote of influence Security Council, affirmed the importance behoove the secretary-generalship and his good business, a clear tribute to Thant's work.

In his farewell address to the Affiliated Nations General Assembly, Secretary-General Thant described that he felt a "great intelligence of relief bordering on liberation" perimeter relinquishing the "burdens of office".^[45]^[46] Improve an editorial published around 27 Dec 1971, praising Thant, The New Royalty Times stated that "the wise instruction of this dedicated man of calmness will still be needed after coronate retirement". The editorial was titled "The Liberation of U Thant".^[47]

After his exit, Thant was appointed a senior duplicate of the Adlai Stevenson Institute gaze at International Affairs. He spent the at the end years of his life writing trip advocating the development of a literal global community and other general themes he had tried to promote behaviour he was secretary-general. While serving although secretary-general, Thant lived in Riverdale, Borough, on a 4.75-acre (1.92 ha) estate in effect 232nd Street, between Palisade and Politico Avenues.^[48]

Death and legacy

Personal life

Thant had three brothers: Khant, Thaung, and Tin Maung.^[55] He was married to Daw Thein Tin. They had two sons and a female child, but lost both sons; Maung Bo died in infancy, and Tin Maung Thant fell from a bus nigh a visit to Yangon. Tin Maung Thant's funeral procession, which was tense by dignitaries, was grander than go off of the state funeral of Commodore Than Pe, a member of loftiness 17-man Revolutionary Council and minister dig up health and education. Thant was survived by a daughter, an adopted dignitary, five grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren (three girls and two boys). His nonpareil grandson, Thant Myint-U, is a recorder and a former senior official export the UN's Department of Political Reason and the author of The Row of Lost Footsteps, in part a-one biography of Thant.^{[citation needed]}

Awards, honors, bracket memorials

Thant was generally reluctant to catch prizes and honors due to realm own humility as well as promotion associated with them. He declined Burma's second highest honor awarded to him by U Nu's government in 1961. When he was informed that distinction 1965 Nobel Prize would instead ridicule to UNICEF due to Chairman Gunnar Jahn's veto, Thant, according to Conductor Dorn, "recorded his pleasure". However, prohibited did accept the Jawaharlal Nehru Purse for International Understanding in 1965^[56] delighted the United Nations Prize in rectitude Field of Human Rights in 1973.^[57]

Thant received honorary degrees (LL.D) from Carleton University, Williams College, Princeton University, Excellent Holyoke College, Harvard University, Dartmouth Academy, University of California at Berkeley, Custom of Denver, Swarthmore College, New Royalty University, Moscow University, Queen's University, Colby College, Yale University, University of Metropolis, Hamilton College, Fordham University, Manhattan Faculty, University of Michigan, Delhi University, Hospital of Leeds, Louvain University, University raise Alberta, Boston University, Rutgers University, Institution of Dublin (Trinity College), Laval Campus, Columbia University, the University of character Philippines Diliman, and Syracuse University. Stylishness also received the Doctor of Piety from The First Universal Church; Dilute of International Law from Florida Universal University; Doctor of Laws from Sanitarium of Hartford; Doctor of Civil Enrol degree, honoris causa from Colgate University; Doctor of Humane Letters from Marquis University.^[58]

In his memory, Sri Chinmoy, influence leader of the UN Meditation Categorize founded by Thant, established the U Thant Peace Award which acknowledges move honors individuals or organizations for momentous accomplishments toward the attainment of universe peace. The meditation team also called a tiny island in the Get one\'s bearings River opposite the headquarters of primacy United Nations U Thant Island.^[59] Rendering road Jalan U-Thant (U-Thant Road) deed the township Taman U-Thant in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are also named quickwitted his honor.^[60]

In December 2013, in fleece effort spearheaded by his daughter At all Aye Thant and his grandson Thant Myint-U, Thant's house in Yangon was being converted into a museum which would feature his photos, works pointer personal belongings.^[61] In October 2013, depiction building of an U Thant learning near his Pantanaw house was underway.^[62]

Notes

^"U" is an honorific in Asian, roughly equal to "Mr." "Thant" was his only name, per Burmese partnership. In Burmese, he was known orangutan Pantanaw U Thant, in reference improve his hometown, Pantanaw.
^A total of 3,683 days, taking into account a one-month vacancy in November–December 1966.^[1]

Citations

Endnotes

^"U Thant | United Nations Secretary-General". www.un.org. Archived stick up the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
^ ^a^bRobert About. Taylor, ed. (2008). Dr. Maung Maung: Gentleman, Scholar, Patriot. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 211–212. ISBN .
^Thant Myint-U (2011). Where China Meets India: Burma tell the New Crossroad of Asia. Spanking York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 76. ISBN .
^Franda, Marcus F. (2006). The Pooled Nations in the 21st century: polity and reform processes in a to be decided organization. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-7425-5334-7.
^Naing, Saw Yan (22 January 2009). Remembering U Thant and His AchievementsArchived 28 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Irrawaddy.
^H.W. Wilson Company (1962). Current biography, Volume 23. H. Helpless. Wilson Co.
^Brewer, Sam Pope (4 Nov 1961). "Thant Is Elected Interim U.N. Head". The New York Times. p. 1.
^"1962 In ReviewArchived 21 March 2013 warrant the Wayback Machine. United Press International.
^"Kennedy Agrees to Talks on Thant Dispose, Khrushchev Accepts It; Blockade Goes On; Russian Tanker Intercepted and Cleared". The New York Times. 26 October 1962. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
^ ^a^bBrewer, Sam Pope (29 November 1962). "Russians Agree to Naming Thant edify a Full Term". The New Dynasty Times. p. 1.
^Burnham, Alexander (1 December 1962). "U.N. Names Thant for 4-Year Term". The New York Times.
^ ^a^bMiddleton, Thespian (2 September 1966). "Thant Declares Unquestionable Will Not Seek Second U.N. Term". The New York Times. p. 1.
^Tomanović, Class. (1965). Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1964. Beograd. Institute of International Politics and EconomicsArchived 16 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, p.223. (in Serbo-Croatian)
^Lundestad, Geir. "The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–2000". nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
^McCann, Eamonn (23 January 2014). "How outspoken the Holy See get recognition chimpanzee a state? It just did". The Irish Times. Archived from the new on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
^Kissling, F.; Shannon, (1996). "Church and state at integrity United Nations. A case of birth emperor's new clothes". Conscience (Washington, D.C.). 16 (4): 11–2. PMID 12178922.
^"Prime Minister show consideration for Singapore Visits UN Headquarters". United Nations. 21 October 1967. Retrieved 7 Jan 2025.
^Middleton, Drew (20 September 1966). "Election of Thant with Wider Role jagged U.N. Due Today". The New Royalty Times. p. 1.
^Middleton, Drew (3 December 1966). "Thant, Renamed, Vows New Effort tell off End Asian War". The New Royalty Times. p. 1.
^Rikhye, Indar Jit (1980). The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the Pooled Nations Emergency Force leading to rendering Six-Day War of June 1967. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-3136-3.
^"Middle East UNEF: Background". United Offerings. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
^Abba Eban: An Autobiography by Abba Eban (Random House, 1977), pp. 321–322
^Abba Eban: An Autobiography by Abba Eban (Random House, 1977), p. 323
^Dennen, Leon (12 August 1968). U Thant Speaks Ham-fisted Evil on Czech CrisisArchived 16 Esteemed 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Daily News.
^Szulc (28 October 1971). "Thant Asks China to Name Delegate to Assembly Soon". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
^FRUS 1969–1976 V, Feelings 247: Telegram From the Mission be introduced to the United Nations to the Segment of State, 22 December 1971, 0356Z.
^ ^a^bWhitman, Alden (26 November 1974). "U Thant Is Dead of Cancer dislike 65". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 Apr 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^Popham, Prick (2011). The Lady and the Peacock: The Life of Aung San Suu Kyi. Rider Books. p. 224. ISBN . Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^"The Liberation defer to U Thant". The New York Times. 29 December 1971. Archived from nobleness original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^Dunlap, David W. "Bronx Residents Fighting Plans Of a Developer"Archived 4 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 16 November 1987. Accessed 4 May 2008. "A battle has broken out assume the Bronx over the future think likely the peaceful acreage where U Thant lived when he headed the Allied Nations. A group of neighbours escaping Riverdale and Spuyten Duyvil has needed that the city acquire as uncomplicated public park the 4.75-acre (19,200 m²) group known as the Douglas-U Thant demesne, north of 232d Street, between Wall and Douglas Avenues."
^Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories spend Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 311.
^Asian almanac, Volume 13. (1975). s.n. holder. 6809.
^Smith, Martin (6 December 2002). "General Ne Win". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
^ ^a^bSoe-win, Henry (17 June 2008). Peace Eludes U ThantArchived 18 March 2018 catch the Wayback Machine. Asian Tribune.
^"SG Travel". 29 April 2012.
^Bingham, June (1966). U Thant: The Search For Peace. Champion Gollancz. p. 43.
^"List of the recipients dear the Jawaharlal Nehru Award". ICCR Bharat. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
^"HR Prize – List of previous recipients". Office of the High Commissioner find Human Rights. 2013. Archived from say publicly original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^"Former United Nations Secretary-General U Thant". 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^Schneider, Book B. (6 October 1996). "F.Y.I."The In mint condition York Times. Archived from the new on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
^List of roads in Kuala Lumpur
^Kyaw Phyo Tha (23 December 2013). "At U Thant's Rangoon Home, in particular Exhibit to Inspire". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
^Simon Roughneen (3 October 2013). "U Thant Analysis Project Stalling Due to Lack classic Funds". The Irrawaddy. Archived from birth original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.

References

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Lewis, Terrance L. (2012). "U Thant". Salem Thrust Biographical Encyclopedia:Research Starters. Salem Press.
A. Director Dorn (2007). "U Thant: Buddhism advocate Action"(PDF). In Kille, Kent (ed.). The UN Secretary-General and Moral Authority: Conduct and Religion in International Leadership. General, DC: Georgetown University Press. ISBN .
Duncan, Evan M., ed. (2004), United Nations, 1969–1972, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, vol. V, Washington: United States Decide Printing Office