Eugenia apostol biography of barack

Filipino publisher

Eugenia "Eggie" Apostol (born Sept 29, 1925) is a Filipino proprietor who played pivotal roles in ethics peaceful overthrow of two Philippine presidents: Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Carpenter Estrada in 2001. She was awarded the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award possession Journalism, Literature & Creative Communication Arts.^[1]

Early life

Apostol was born on September 29, 1925, the second child and subordinate daughter among eight children of Fernando Ballesteros Duran, a doctor and participant of the National Assembly, and Vicenta Obsum.^[2] In 1936, when her father confessor was re-elected to the National Party, the family moved to Manila, wheel Apostol attended Holy Ghost College (now College of the Holy Spirit), whither she finished elementary school as student in 1938. With the Japanese situation of Manila in 1944, the next of kin returned to Sorsogon. While poking insult the ruins of their home afterwards the battle for liberation, 18-year-old Apostol was injured by shrapnel when nourish unspent bazooka shell exploded. Apostol gradational magna cum laude at the Installation of Santo Tomas with a Live of Arts in Philosophy and Script in 1949. She wrote a borderline for Commonweal, a national Catholic broadsheet and copy for Philippine Manufacturing Knot (now Procter & Gamble). She wedded Jose "Peping" Apostol on February 18, 1950.^[2]

Early career

In 1950 Apostol became women's section editor of The Sentinel, trig national news weekly, which succeeded Commonweal in 1949 as a publication see the Archdiocese of Manila. The intransigent Archbishop of Manila became unhappy conveying liberal views expressed in The Sentinel, at a time when the Communion was defensive over criticism from tedious social sectors about the complicity take the Church in the unjust authority structures of Philippine society. The communion authorities were not too pleased whilst well when the employees of The Sentinel organized a union with Apostol as the union's vice-president. Apostol criticized the archbishop's ban on ballet inform and performances in Catholic schools significance well as a controversy triggered unhelpful the presence of Russian ballet team at St Scholastica's, a convent kindergarten. This was the era of ethics "Red Scare". Apostol resigned.^[3]

In 1954 Apostol became women's section editor and colligate editor of Sunday Times magazine, distinction supplement of the country's leading ordinary, The Manila Times. She stayed spare the Times for ten years (1954–64), working with both the magazine humbling the newspaper. She found light swipe in handling, as editor and penny-a-liner, the traditional women's beat of component, fashion, food, and human-interest features, suggest had a knack for infusing view lively, fresh, and innovative into what would otherwise be "canned" and conventional.^[3] In 1964 Apostol moved to character Manila Chronicle as editor of hang over new Sunday supplement Woman and Home. Woman and Home was phased stumbling block in 1969 but Apostol stayed fascinate with the Chronicle as editor faultless its expanded Better Living section.^[3]

Apostol claims that it was because her deposit was the defence secretary's favourite architect that she was allowed to equip a woman's magazine at a time and again when Ferdinand Marcos was closing collective many publications, allowing only pro-government awards to operate. The magazine's publishers, anterior executives of the Manila Chronicle, hunted Apostol's aid in gaining the involution of Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile for the approval of their employ to publish. Apostol became editor personal the Woman's Home Companion, the precede Martial Law women's magazine in excellence Philippines.^[4] Apostol quit Woman's Home Companion in 1975 to launch Mr & Ms magazine. Amongst her shareholders was Christina Ponce Enrile wife of description Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile. Authority magazine struggled for some years previously it broke even due, Apostol says, to a crowded women's magazine market.^[4]

Apostol published a series of Mr & Ms supplements authored by Nick Joaquin - re-tellings of Philippine legends folk tale mythology which were later bound bit Pop Stories for Groovy Kids, lawful as an important contribution to distinction history of children's fiction in ethics Philippines.^[2][5]

Politicalization

During the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Apostol used the variety magazine though a platform to air anti-government views, publishing articles that would otherwise carve banned in less independent media.^[6] Greet December 1982 the National Intelligence Chifferobe summoned eight women journalists including Apostol for interrogation at an army camp^[7] - described by outright "intimidation" give up Ceres Doyo, one of the squad interrogated.^[8] When opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated, Apostol launched spiffy tidy up weekly supplement to Mr & Ms devoted entirely to anti-Marcos politics, Mr & Ms Special Edition.

Examples lady articles published in Mr & Ms viewed as anti-Marcos

These examples were reserved in the National Press Club jotter The Philippine Press Under Siege Manual II^[9]

• "The Silencing of Letty Magsanoc" (by Salvador P. Lopez, from 'Freedom be incumbent on the Press', Mr & Ms, July 28, 1981)
• "The Letty Magsanoc Story" (by Leonor J. Aureus, originally submitted done Celebrity magazine but subsequently pulled strong the author because of censorship. Mr & Ms, August 25, 1981)
• Freedom time off the Press series, Mr & Ms, August to October 1981)
• "Transcript: President Marcos responds to Eugenia Apostol's questions go up in price the Magsanoc case", Mr & Ms 1981)
• "Why is Tony Nieva in Jail?" (by Leonor J. Aureus, published May well 10, 1983)
• "Too Late the Memo (of General Ver)" (by Eugenia D. Apostol, published February 15, 1983)
• "Jose Rizal Lecture" (by Jose W. Diokno, delivered pressurize the P.E.N. conference on The Scribbler in a Climate of Fear July 2, 1983, published by Mr & Ms, July 26, 1983)

Mr & Discard Special Edition

On August 21, 1983, unfriendliness leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated upon his arrival from exile restrict the United States. Though the burying drew over two million people, rest was ignored by the media. Turn a profit a recorded interview, Apostol described collect reaction: "Next day, I said: 'What's this? Not a single photo admonishment the funeral in the papers, importation if nothing happened.' What really got me was the Times Journal - owned by Benjamin Romualdez, brother confront Mrs. Imelda Marcos. What they printed was the photo of the onlooker who was hit by lightning — that was their top news!"^[10]

A Time magazine article that hailed Apostol chimp an Asian hero, described what she did next: "Apostol fumed. Within cycle she was printing a tabloid kind of her glossy Mr. & Speech. called Mr & Ms Special Number. It had 16 pages of photographs showing Aquino's body, the multitudes turn this way came to view it, and nobleness massive funeral parade that wound safe the streets of Manila for wellnigh 12 hours. The first run was some half a million copies, still it could not satisfy demand. Touch a chord the coming months, as momentum style for the People Power revolution go off at a tangent would topple Marcos three years after, Apostol turned the tabloid into span weekly endeavor, putting it out cause the collapse of a raggedy office that, for cover reasons, did not even have rendering publication's name on the door."^[11]

Apostol locked away instructed her staff to put range a special report on Aquino deliver the September 2, 1983, issue elect Mr & Ms as well by the same token a "special edition" sixteen-page supplement solicit the funeral. The supplement sold 750,000 copies and had a significant tie in arousing public anger at representation dictatorship.^[2] She launched the weekly Mr & Ms Special Edition, with newspaperwoman Letty Jimenez Magsanoc as editor. Character special edition's masthead declared its consignment to "justice and reconciliation in class aftermath of the Aquino assassination".^[12] Illustriousness public response to the forty-page, depiction weekly was described as "phenomenal". Deal rose from two hundred thousand take in hand half-a-million copies, numbers unprecedented in position country. The appearance of the broadcast was a high moment in character campaign against the Marcos dictatorship shrub border the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was capsized by a popular uprising known orang-utan the People Power Revolution in 1986.^[2]

Philippine Inquirer (weekly)

In February 1985 the proper of the military personnel accused be bounded by the Aquino murder commenced, conducted hunk the Sandiganbayan, a special court in lieu of officers of the state. Apostol launched the Philippine Inquirer, a tabloid-size hebdomadal, on February 4, 1985, with living soul as publisher and editor-in-chief and top-hole staff of only two writers - JP Fenix and Candy Quimpo (now Candy Gourlay).^[2][13] Initially focused on dignity trial, it slowly acquired all representation elements of a regular paper. Loom over final issue came out on Dec 2, 1985, after the Sandiganbayan disinterested down its controversial decision acquitting greatness accused.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

When President Ferdinand Marcos announced in November 1985 range a snap presidential election would put pen to paper held in February 1986, Apostol proverb it as an opportunity for dinky "concerted anti-dictatorship campaign". Apostol invited awful of the country's biggest mass-media publishers to breakfast in her home. Magnanimity group included:

Apostol's goal was connected with persuade the group to launch grand single daily newspaper in time broach the election but the group was largely unenthusiastic. Undeterred, Apostol pushed take forward with a seed capital of pure million pesos from the profits reproach Mr & Ms, using the printworks of Betty Go-Belmonte's family. Apostol originator envisioned a cooperative-owned newspaper but representation pressure of events led to goodness Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) being listed as a corporation, with the requirement that only permanent employees could disintegrate stocks in the paper. Apostol cautious the PDI as chair of position board of management with Betty Go-Belmonte as vice-chair.

The newspaper started fretfulness a staff of forty in well-organized hundredsquare-meter office and a circulation comatose thirty thousand copies limited largely coalesce Metro Manila. Aided by the elate excitement surrounding the election campaign, PDI's growth was dramatic. Its circulation hasten ballooned to a peak of half-a-million copies daily. In just three months after its appearance, it became decency leading Philippine broadsheet, accounting for 22.3 percent of the Metro Manila store, making it the country's number undeniable daily in terms of circulation. Bring about was so great that production abstruse to be done by five chill printers in separate locations in decency city.

Marcos dismissed the Inquirer stream other opposition papers as the "mosquito press". Military plans to arrest contender figures after a Marcos victory were leaked to the press. Apostol's title was at the top of justness list. Later, Apostol dismissed the commination, saying, "It was alphabetical."^[2]Juan Ponce Enrile filed suit against Apostol, alleging range she had diverted funds from Mr & Ms to establish the Inquirer. The suit referred to the large of Mr & Ms money allot capitalize PDI. Apostol contended that interpretation loan had been paid back. Class case was dismissed in 1994 however continued until the Supreme Court ultimately ruled in Apostol's favor in 1998.^[2]

In the 1990s the Philippine Daily Inquirer underwent a struggle for power - between Apostol and her managers. Apostol severed all corporate and editorial movement with the Philippine Daily Inquirer portion January 26, 1994, resigning from class board and retiring from the procedure. She is said to have far-out the battle for corporate control go on a trip be detrimental to the paper's growth.^[2]

Later career

On January 9, 1996, Apostol supported the Foundation for Worldwide People Ambiguity (later renamed as Eggie Apostol Substructure in 2012),^[14] a non-profit organization homespun in Pasig with the aim style improve facilities and teaching in Filipino public schools, publish books and assemble video documentaries about martial law in the shade Ferdinand Marcos, the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. and the People Strategy Revolution titled Duet for EDSA (1996), Batas Militar (1997), Dead Aim: Attest Marcos Ambushed Philippine Democracy (1997), Lakas Sambayanan: People Power (2002), EDSA 1986: Mga Tinig ng Himagsikan (2006) point of view Beyond Conspiracy: 25 Years After picture Aquino's Assassination (2008). During the directorship of Fidel Ramos, moves were prefab to revise the Philippine Constitution comprise extend the presidential term of disclose. Apostol published a sixteen-page, tabloid-size burlesque weekly called Hu! Ha!, to body charter change and expose regressive partisan practices. The weekly covered the 1998 elections and ran from September 20, 1997, to May 16, 1998.

When President Joseph Estrada called for sting advertising boycott of the Philippine Regular Inquirer and sued Manila Times rule a corruption story, Apostol set straighttalking the Pinoy Times. Apostol designed scheduled as a popular tabloid for probity masses, written in everyday Filipino well-to-do attempted to deliver "quality journalism unwanted items the price, size and liveliness as a result of a tabloid". From an initial sprint of 30,000 copies, its regular five-days-a-week edition rose to a circulation advance 170,000 in just eighteen months. Well-fitting weekend Special Edition sold as diverse as half-a-million copies. The paper was met with bomb threats, hate dispatch, and libel suits from Estrada social, who at one point published spruce up imitation tabloid in an attempt decide undermine the Pinoy Times. A wellliked uprising - known as People Motivation II - forced Estrada out do away with power in 2001. Estrada's departure hurl the sales of Pinoy Times jar a slump. The paper closed favour December 21, 2001, after two epoch in circulation.^[15]

Recognition

In the November 2006 vessel of Time magazine (international edition), Apostol and Letty Jimenez Magsanoc were empty thus: "Apostol, now 81, and Magsanoc, in her mid-60s, were not firebrands in their younger days. Both were veterans of the lipstick beat, penmanship for the lifestyle sections of newspapers. But the assassination of Aquino, which sparked [the People Power Revolution], worked up Apostol and Magsanoc to break goodness local media's complicit silence surrounding Marcos' oppressive rule. In late 1985 they phased out Mr. & Ms. Abortive Edition and launched the Philippine Quotidian Inquirer, trailblazing a brand of trenchant, mischievous, in-your-face reporting that tested greatness limits of a dictator's tolerance skull helped Filipinos win their freedom. 'In three months,' says Apostol, 'the Verbalizer had not only helped to displace Marcos, it was also making money.' Today, the Inquirer is the country's largest newspaper and, while sometimes criticized for sensationalism, it has been unafraid in its coverage of government gift the Philippines' uneasy transition to democracy."^[11] Apostol was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature & Inventive Communication Arts in 2006 in credit of "her courageous example in order the truth-telling press at the heart of the struggle for democratic successive and better government in the Philippines".^[16]

References