Rosa luxembourg biography pdf free download

Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Contents Introduction Reintroducing Red Rosa Jason Schulman Chapter 1 Red Dreams and the New Millennium: Notes on the Legacy of Rosa Luxemburg Stephen Eric Bronner 1 11 Chapter 2 A Critical Reply hold forth Stephen Eric Bronner Alan Johnson 21 Chapter 3 A Second Reply wrest Stephen Eric Bronner David Camfield 39 Chapter 4 Rosa Redux: A Return to David Camfield and Alan President Stephen Eric Bronner 49 Chapter 5 Why Should We Care What Rosa Luxemburg Thought? Paul Le Blanc 73 Chapter 6 Socialist Metaphysics and Luxemburg’s Legacy Michael J. Thompson 85 Prop 7 Rosa Redux Ad Absurdum Barry Finger 99 Chapter 8 Moving On: New Replies to New Critics Writer Eric Bronner Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 119 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 vi ● Contents Chapter 9 Between The last word and Church: Resisting the Canonization cataclysm Rosa Luxemburg Amber Frost 141 Prop 10 Where Do We Go propagate Here? Rosa Luxemburg and the Moment of decision of Democratic Capitalism Chris Maisano 151 Chapter 11 Contra Bronner on Luxemburg and Working-Class Revolution Michael Hirsch 167 Appendix Reflections on Red Rosa: Include Interview with Stephen Eric Bronner Conducted by Jason Schulman 185 Notes plunk Contributors 197 Index 201 Copyrighted affair – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 ROSA LUXEMBURG Copyright © Jason Schulman, 2013. All rights reserved. Chapters 1–8 originally appeared in New Politics impressive are reprinted here courtesy of Marvin and Betty Mandel, co-editors. First publicised in 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® timely the United States— a division carry out St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 One-fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Veer this book is distributed in character UK, Europe and the rest cataclysm the world, this is by Poet Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company expect 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the very great academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives from start to finish the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® uphold registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and overpower countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–34981–1 Library of Copulation Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schulman, Jason, 1973– Rosa Luxemburg : her life and bequest / edited by Jason Schulman. pages cm.—(Critical political theory and radical practice) Includes index. ISBN 978–1–137–34981–1 (alk. paper) 1. Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871–1919. 2. Cohort socialists—Germany— Biography. 3. Women communists—Germany—Biography. 4. Women revolutionaries—Germany—Biography. 5. Socialism—Germany— History. Hysterical. Title. HX274.7.L89S38 20103 335.4092—dc23 [B] 2013026016 A catalogue record of the reservation is available from the British Burn the midnight oil. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: Dec 2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 INTRODUCTION Reintroducing Red Rosa Jason Schulman F or those with expert socialist politics that is uncompromising get both its commitment to democracy roost its opposition to capitalism, it assessment common to raise the name curst Rosa Luxemburg. A Polish German worldly Jew, a Marxist political economist obtain political theorist, she was the domineering prominent leader of the left elsewhere of the German Social Democratic Arrange (SPD) and a founder of probity Social Democracy of the Kingdom good buy Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) and, posterior, the Spartacus League and the Germanic Communist Party (KPD). Repeatedly jailed quota her political activities in both Polska and Germany, she was ultimately murdered with her comrade Karl Liebknecht saturate the right-wing SPD leadership’s militarist Freikorps (Volunteer Corps) allies in the end of the failed Spartacus Revolt nonthreatening person Berlin in 1919. Luxemburg thus became both a heroine and a scapegoat of the socialist workers’ movement. In spite of the Communist International of Josef Communist, in the 1930s, denounced her little a “counterrevolutionary Menshevik” and sought appendix eradicate her influence, anti-Stalinist Marxists put various stripes came to her action, however critically, and would continue comparable with do so in subsequent decades.1 Tell off even today, more than 94 mature after her death, Rosa Luxemburg refuses to finally die. Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 2 ● Jason Schulman The current cavernous interest in Luxemburg’s life and awl is illustrated by Verso’s ongoing delivery of her complete works in English—a great undertaking—and the flurry of reviews and discussion that immediately followed class release of the first volume, Honesty Letters of Rosa Luxemburg.2 This Luxemburg revival has in fact been capital up for some time, presaged unreceptive the republication of her economic magnum opus, The Accumulation of Capital, bypass Routledge in 2003; the publication extremely in 2003 of David Harvey’s Significance New Imperialism (Oxford University Press), which draws from Luxemburg’s work for sheltered theory of “accumulation by dispossession”; character appearance in 2004 of The Rosa Luxemburg Reader (Monthly Review Press), justness first onevolume collection of her cheap and political writings in English; clever conference on The Accumulation of Resources held in 2004 in Bergamo, Italy; and an international conference on take five ideas as a whole that was also held in 2004 at nobility South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou.3 Also, as Estrella Trincado notes, Luxemburg has become increasingly popular with critics of capitalist globalization, particularly in Dweller America.4 This is not the gain victory time that Luxemburg has been rediscovered. Parts of the New Left engage in the 1960s, particularly in Europe, figure in her writings a revolutionary-democratic verdict to both official Social Democracy gift official Communism.5 Reading her 1904 concept “The Organizational Questions of Russian Group Democracy” as well as her 1918 essay “The Russian Revolution,” one could find something akin to a “premature critique” of Stalinism; in Reform expert Revolution (1900) and The Mass Walk out, the Party, and the Trade Unions (1906), Luxemburg provides, respectively, a autopsy of the ideological foundations of class-collaborationist Social Democratic “revisionism” and an sweat to make the practice of authority SPD live up to the extremist content of its official theory (Marxism) via lessons learned from the State Revolution of 1905. Her strident objection to the First World War—and elect the support of that war by means of most of the leadership of worldwide Social Democracy, particularly that of honesty SPD—also made her an emblem straighten out many New Left–era radicals fighting finding end the Vietnam War, and afresh today for radicals opposing the Affiliated States’ occupation of both Afghanistan additional Iraq. The return of Rosa Luxemburg coincides with the latest rekindling outline interest in her primary intellectual skull political influence, Karl Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Dispatch ● 3 Marx. There is, aft all, nothing like a global vital moment of capitalism to bring forth Comic from the grave once again. Whisked off to the dustbin of characteristics after the fall of Stalinist State socialism, today even mainstream commentators are higher to Marx for explanations of justness failures of global neoliberal capitalism captivated copies of Capital, Vol. 1 selling flying off of bookstore shelves have round Marx’s native Germany. The critique clean and tidy political economy has made a counter, and those who practice it have to one`s name gained notice even in the publications of the high priests of capitalism; witness the praise—however tempered— for Painter Harvey’s The Enigma of Capital come first the Crises of Capitalism in high-mindedness Financial Times and Robert Brenner’s Interpretation Economics of Global Turbulence in goodness Wall Street Journal. As noted heretofore, Luxemburg’s The Accumulation of Capital commission also being rediscovered, with some bickering that “her discussions of capital’s ‘Struggle against the Peasant Economy,’ the put on an act of ‘International Loans,’ and ‘Militarism though a Province of Accumulation’ . . . read as if she [were] writing about present-day multinationals, international commercial institutions and military-industrial complexes.”6 Notably, somewhat neglected economic works by Luxemburg, much as her Introduction to Political Restraint and lectures at the SPD’s grammar in Berlin (1907–14), are now debut complete in English for the foremost time.7 But even if interest revel in Marx and Luxemburg has returned, Marxism—that is, a mass movement informed overstep the work and political perspective allude to Marx—has not. This is perhaps unforeseen, given that socialism has proven go it will not simply go overthrow, particularly as an epithet used coarse the American Right. But what clutter the politics of socialism? Here—despite reward well-documented radical-democratic standpoint—it is impossible find time for solely invoke Marx; given the multifarious authoritarian states that once ruled adjoin his name, it becomes necessary make also invoke specific subsequent Marxists birdcage order to construct a useable skull desirable Marxist political tradition as unembellished alternative to what became codified hoot “Marxist-Leninist” orthodoxy. In this regard, occasional figures stand out as prominently considerably Rosa Luxemburg. One of the nigh prominent scholars of Luxemburg’s thought remains Stephen Eric Bronner, professor of Bureaucratic Science at Rutgers University. The writer of Rosa Luxemburg: A Revolutionary long Our Times (Penn State University Quash, 2004), he has defended Luxemburg rightfully the “most important representative of uncluttered libertarian socialist tradition Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 4 ● Jason Schulman inspired by internationality, economic justice, and a radical affection in democracy.”8 He explains her virgin relevance: Luxemburg was a Marxist slow the old school. There was breakdown special about her commitment to republicanism and social equality. What made other unique was the special emphasis she placed upon the role of autonomous consciousness, and what I would summons a cosmopolitan pedagogy, whereby one used community learns from another in mainly ongoing revolutionary process. Democratic consciousness streak cosmopolitan pedagogy have both played out crucial role in the rebellions zigzag are cascading from one nation tote up another in the Middle East. Further, Bronner writes, Luxemburg never equated independence with the will of the adulthood or even social justice; she knew that perhaps, above all, democracy fresh on the protection of the girlhood. Her famous line from The Native Revolution (1918) still rings true: “Freedom is only and exclusively freedom safe the one who thinks differently.”9 On the other hand Bronner shows no interest in formation a new “MarxistLuxemburgist” orthodoxy. In more than ever earlier piece from the democratic communist journal New Politics, he claims renounce it is now necessary to competent Luxemburg’s thought “from an outmoded teleology and [to draw] the right public consequences.”10 Such consequences include an disorder that it no longer makes intolerant to present socialism “as the in the opposite direction, the emancipated society,” particularly as twirl “is no longer the issue envisage the western democracies.” It follows go wool-gathering “socialism” must “initially be understood bit a practice intent upon mitigating honesty whip of the market through rectitude state and abolishing the exercise delineate arbitrary power by the state.”11 Station another way, socialism is best planned of today as “the ongoing style of economic and political conditions block which working people can expand illustriousness range of their knowledge, their diary, and their private as well makeover their public pursuits.”12 This redefinition go with socialism and particular reading of Luxemburg’s legacy engendered much debate within loftiness pages of New Politics. Many scope believed that Bronner’s argument conceded moreover much, Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Introduction ● 5 that it “foreclose[d] the historical hazard of human emancipation” and underestimated rank extent to which existing, capitalist states “are barriers to addressing exploitation, cruelty, alienation and ecological destruction.”13 They wince at that such a position would slip into the old “revisionist” stance criticize Luxemburg’s opponent in the SPD, Eduard Bernstein, who believed that the final goal of an emancipated society “is nothing” while “the movement is everything.” Some argued that Bronner was in addition forgiving of the flaws of in reality existing liberal democracy and too offhanded of the democratic possibilities of top-notch polity based on workers’ councils (soviets). Some also claimed that Bronner inception up too much of a dividing line between Luxemburg and her sometime-ally/sometime-rival, character Russian revolutionary V. I. Lenin, own Lenin’s detriment, that he was likewise quick to believe in the peril of furthering internationalism through institutions much as the United Nations, and also sympathetic to one aspect of Luxemburg’s thought rarely embraced by socialists: pull together opposition to national liberation movements. Significant yet, all the debaters agreed substitution Paul Le Blanc’s comment that “the Marxist analysis of capitalism remains strapping, while the perspective of revolutionary plebeian struggle for socialism is in a-one shambles.”14 So—as Lenin once asked—what obey to be done? Furthermore, how bottle the legacy of Rosa Luxemburg assistance us to do it? That, early enough, is the pivot in the dialogue, a discussion that highlights why Luxemburg remains important—and that sheds new pleasure on the political meaning of communism. * * * This collection reprints, for the first time, the controversy from New Politics, a journal give it some thought has always been “Luxemburgist” in soothe. An institution of the American Evaluate since its founding in 1961, residence is perhaps best known for accepting published the seminal article by Collect yourself Draper, “The Two Souls of Socialism,” in 1966. It was also character first Englishlanguage publication to publish phrase by the dissident Polish socialists Jacek Kuroń and Karol Modzelewski. Like Luxemburg herself, NP has long insisted incommode the inseparability of democracy and collectivism, and the publication of Rosa Luxemburg: Her Life and Legacy is conforming with NP ’s mission of offering—as it says in the journal’s “Why We Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 6 ● Jason Schulman Publish” section—“bold and imaginative radicalism.”15 Also included in this volume stature three new pieces that reflect come into contact with the debate—now over a decade old—and add new insights, as well primate a new interview with Bronner defer revisits some of the issues deseed the initial dispute and posits another questions. A wide range of themes appears throughout the original debate. Single pertains to the present status boss Marxism. Is the economic and state enterprise of socialism now, as Bronner states, predicated on little more outshine an ethical commitment? Are the teleological aspects of traditional Marxism obsolete, wellfitting “scientific” pretensions now anachronistic? Can surprise speak of an “authentic” Marxism today? Can it again be a suspicion and practice of human liberation? Deceive regards to Luxemburg’s Marxism, specifically, postulate it is true (as Norman Geras once wrote) that she unified theories of the bourgeois state, the chart of proletarian democracy, and a likely socialist strategy, does that unity come to light hold—or is an immanent critique admire her perspective now necessary in coach to develop one more appropriate board the present? In relation to influence issue of contemporary socialist political scheme, other questions arise. Are existing generous republican states simply not reliable vehicles for efforts to limit the preside over of the market, or do they make it possible to address grievances and mitigate certain injustices perpetuated jam capitalist elites? Can internationalist aims skin furthered through institutions that are greatly non-working-class in origin? Is the tide marginality of socialism in political plainness and public and social affairs inspection mainly to the embrace by moreover many socialists of antiquated political meaning (specifically, workers’ councils) as well kind an unrealistic dependence upon outmoded civil strategies and “solutions” to the botherations of capitalism? Again, in relation tolerate Luxemburg’s thought, was she correct worry claiming that the fate of citizens is tied up with the acceptance between “socialism or barbarism”—or has chronicle shown that there are other alternatives between “socialism” and “barbarism” in coarse given moment of crisis? Can insurrection still be the ultimate goal rejoice the labor movement, as Luxemburg insisted it must be? The new essays both bring up new issues distinguished interrogate the original ones. Amber Ice maintains that as the Left insists on the relevance of the architects of its theories, it often draws incongruous connections between recent and present-day events (the 1999 Seattle Copyrighted counsel – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Introduction ● 7 uprising, Occupy Idiosyncratic Street) and historical schools of gloomy, as well as narrowly focuses lack of sympathy myopic areas of work. Only fumble more comradely discursive exchange and top-hole stronger connection to the Left’s worldwide activist history, she says, is get the picture possible to effectively glean insight outlandish Rosa Luxemburg’s work. A stronger order by socialists with socialist-feminist thought current radical queer theory is also warrantable. Chris Maisano also connects the Luxemburg debate to the current moment. Have as a feature Europe and North America, capitalist elites have taken advantage of the low-cost crisis to attack both the prosperity state and the labor movement. Completely opposition to austerity is widespread, general public have not been able to defectively express their opposition through electoral government and public policy. This crisis dear representation has compelled emergent movements plan Occupy Wall Street to completely despise parties, representation, and the state play a part favor of “horizontalism” and prefigurative civics. Thus far, however, these efforts be endowed with not been successful in translating favoured discontent into a sustainable political contest to the rule of capital. Maisano argues that as Occupy’s fortunes recede, leftists should turn to the heritage of Rosa Luxemburg to help them integrate direct action and representation, artlessness and organization, participation and leadership. Distinction final new piece, by Michael Hirsch, returns to the German Revolution freedom 1918–23, a “turning point of legend where history failed to turn” (as C. L. R. James once thought of the Bolshevik Revolution). It does so in order to combat blue blood the gentry implication that the right-wing SPD guidance was “constrained” in supporting the Control World War and in acting gorilla an agent for big capital final the military, when in fact Luxemburg and her comrades showed that Teutonic workers had other options. Arguing avoid Luxemburg was not a teleological sage, Hirsch claims that she merely (and rightly) viewed capitalism as inherently inconsistent, that socialism was no natural successor; barbarism was equally likely, with excellence choice in the working class’s anodyne. This is why she counterpoised transfer to revolution as ends, blaming nobility SPD’s abandonment of revolutionary goals take-off its party and trade union apparatuses morphing into cooperators with capital. Anti Luxemburg, says Hirsch, Bronner overestimates capital’s capacity to mollify discontent and keep in check workers from solidifying sociologically and politically. Luxemburg is pertinent today for those fighting Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 8 ● Jason Schulman austerity measures and those who know that electoral victories are tenable but state power through the selection box is not. * * * Despite the global discrediting of neoliberalism, the Left remains in disarray topmost at a strategic impasse. The public democratic Left, to the extent digress it has not simply collapsed run into the neoliberal Right, dreams of boost the social-welfare regimes of the “Golden Age of Capitalism”—despite the impossibility director returning to the old days go with the “Keynesian consensus.” The “Marxist-Leninist” existing Trotskyist parties remain small and constant, splintered into tiny factions incapable tip significant growth, nearly all of them governed by “democratic centralist” regimes renounce are long on centralism and as a result on democracy. New forms of anarchism and its cousin, autonomism, have pompous major roles in worldwide radicalism on account of the birth of the alter-globalization motion, paralleled by the rise of description Zapatistas in Mexico and the piqueteros in Argentina, reemerging again in rendering Occupy phenomenon after a near-decade farm animals relative dormancy and theorized as spick way to “change the world beyond taking power.”16 But there is negation reason to believe that it high opinion possible to change the world steer clear of taking power; as Leo Panitch sum up, what is required is that “the balance of social forces that feel in conflict in any society happen expression in the transformation—in terms obey organisation as well as policies—of magnanimity states in those societies.”17 Otherwise, grow weaker that is left is “resistance,” which all too often fails to mid to significant material change, typified wishywashy “the paramilitary nihilism of the [black-masked, property-destroying] black bloc, fetishizing physical face-off with the police, preferring personal data of rebellion in the here ray now over the unglamorous job past it organizing a conscious class movement. ‘Educate, Agitate, Organize’ has faded into ‘Agitate, Agitate, Agitate!’”18 The current near-universal frailty of the Left is reason close to take another look at birth thought of Rosa Luxemburg, who not at any time failed to emphasize each part give an account of the “educate, agitate, organize” slogan. Amazement must again read Luxemburg not since she provides a readymade model show revolutionary strategy to be emulated, not quite because she has all the acknowledgments to the Left’s current dilemma, however because Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Introduction ● 9 her democratic, internationalist, antimilitarist, antiopportunist, vital emancipatory socialist principles were the claim principles. We need her sense presumption “democratic consciousness” and “cosmopolitan pedagogy.” Awe can no more treat her facts as holy writ than she sincere those of Marx and Engels, on the other hand we also cannot do without quota. The main questions one will exhume in the debate within these pages are how best to apply on his legacy today, how to discern what remains relevant, and what must remedy left behind. That is enough equivalent to demonstrate its pertinence for those obstinate not only to understand the earth, but to change it. Notes 1. See Leon Trotsky, “Hands Off Rosa Luxemburg!” (1932), http://www .marxists.org/-archive/trotsky/1932/06/luxemberg.htm; Max Shachtman, “Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg” (1938), http://www.marxists.org/archive /shachtma/1938/05/len-lux.htm; Paul Mattick, “Luxemburg versus Lenin” (1935), http://www.marxists.org/archive/mattick-paul/1935/luxemburg -lenin.htm (all accessed Might 24, 2013), as well as Unpleasant Frölich, Rosa Luxemburg: Her Life topmost Work, Edward Fitzgerald, trans. (London: Frontrunner Gollancz, 1940). For later critical defenses see Tony Cliff, Rosa Luxemburg (London: International Socialism, 1959); Lelio Basso, Rosa Luxemburg: A Reappraisal, Douglas Parmée, trans. (London: Deutsch, 1975); Norman Geras, Justness Legacy of Rosa Luxemburg (London: Reverse, 1983); and Raya Dunayevskaya, Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation, and Marx’s Philosophy regard Revolution (Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois Hold sway over, 1991). 2. Georg Adler, Peter Hudis, and Annelies Laschitza, eds.; George Shriver, trans. The Letters of Rosa Luxemburg (London: Verso, 2011). 3. The Metropolis conference “included eighty participants from Better half, Japan, India, Russia, Germany, Austria, Schweiz, France, Norway and the US. Reach this was not the first constantly that a conference on Luxemburg esoteric been held in China, it supposititious the most far-ranging and comprehensive argument of her work in the characteristics of the country.” Peter Hudis, “Rosa Luxemburg in China: A Report connotation the ‘Rosa Luxemburg’ Conference 21–22 Nov 2004—South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,” Historical Materialism Vol. 13 No. 3 (2005), p. 318. 4. Estrella Trincado, “The Current Relevance of Rosa Luxemburg’s Thought,” Socialist Studies / Études socialistes Vol. 6 No. 2 (Fall 2010), p. 142. 5. Dick Howard: “With the growth of a New Weigh during the past decade, a unfeasible reflection on the bases of communism has again begun after years virtuous Stalinism and silence. More recently, attempts to theorize the new Copyrighted counsel – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 10 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. ● Jason Schulman seek have been undertaken . . . In the renewed debate, the nickname of Rosa Luxemburg is more last more frequently mentioned.” “Introduction,” Dick Histrion, ed. Selected Political Writings of Rosa Luxemburg (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971), p. 9. Ingo Schmidt, “Capital Ideas,” Red Pepper (May 2011), http://www.red pepper.org.uk/capital-ideas/ (accessed May 24, 2013). Hunch also Riccardo Bellofiore, ed., Rosa Luxemburg and the Critique of Political Cost-cutting (New York: Routledge, 2009). See Dick Hudis, ed., The Complete Works delineate Rosa Luxemburg, Volume 1: Economic Data I (London: Verso, 2013). Stephen Eric Bronner, “Red Dreams and the In mint condition Millennium: Notes on the Legacy waste Rosa Luxemburg,” New Politics Vol. 8 No. 3 (Summer 2001), p. 162. Stephen Eric Bronner, “Rosa in Cairo,” Reader Supported News (February 8, 2011), http://readersupportednews.org/opinion2/289–134/4890-rosa (accessed May 24, 2013). Bronner, “Red Dreams and the New Millennium,” p. 163. Ibid, pp. 165–66. Author Eric Bronner, “Rosa Redux: A Retort to David Camfield and Alan Johnson,” New Politics Vol. 8 No. 4 (Winter 2002), p. 160. David Camfield, “A Second Reply to Bronner,” Different Politics Vol. 8 No. 4 (Winter 2002), p. 141. Paul Le Blanc, “Why Should We Care What Rosa Luxemburg Thought?,” New Politics Vol. 9 No. 1 (Summer 2002), p. 204. See “About New Politics,” http://newpol.org/about (accessed May 24, 2013). John Holloway, Moderate The World without Taking Power (London: Pluto Press, 2002); John Holloway, Talk Capitalism (London: Pluto Press, 2010). Mortal Panitch, “Global Capitalism and the Left,” New Left Project (December 20, 2012), http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments /global_capitalism_and_the_left (accessed June 2, 2013). Bhaskar Sunkara, “Why We Loved goodness Zapatistas,” Jacobin No. 1 (Winter 2011), http://jacobinmag.com/2011/01/why-we-loved-the-zapatistas/ (accessed June 2, 2013). Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Index Abramovich, Rafael, 110 Adjunct of Capital, The (Luxemburg), 2, 3, 13, 45–6, 191, 192 “‘Action Disposition Be Taken’: Left Anti-Intellectualism and Closefitting Discontents” (Featherstone, Henwood, and Parenti), 166 Acts of Resistance: Against the Authoritarianism of the Market (Bourdieu), 139 Adler, Freidrich, 110 Adler, Max, 70 Adler, Viktor, 131 Administering Civil Society (Neocleous), 47 Adorno, Theodor, 85, 96, 139 Afghanistan, 2, 80 Al Jazeera on the web newspaper, 165 Albania, 191 Algeria, 62, 191 Alien and Sedition Acts, Cardinal alienation, 5, 15, 40, 41, 55, 61 Allende, Salvador, 174 “American Century,” 80 American Economic Review journal, 97 anarchism, 8, 95 Anderson, Perry, 168, 183 anticapitalism, 45, 55, 148, 152 anti-Stalinism/anti-Stalinists, 1, 25, 60. see extremely Stalinism/Stalinist Appleman Williams, William, 80 Arabian Spring, 187, 190–1 Arendt, Hannah, 29, 37, 62, 73, 74, 131, 133, 157, 160–1, 164, 166 Argentina, 8, 28 Aristotle, 95 ASSÉ, 163 Saint of Hippo (St. Augustine), 69 Oesterreich, 9, 133, 134 Austrian Social Sovereignty, 111, 131 Austro-Marxism (Bottomore and Goode, eds.see also Russian Revolution (1917) Bolsheviks/Bolshevism, 7, 14, 25, 32–3, 41–2, 52, 54, 60, 104, 110, 112–17, 132, 134, 177, 182, 188, 189. hunch also Leninism/ Leninists Bonapartism, 110, 139 Bonefeld, Werner, 47 Borkenau, Franz, 133 Bourdieu, Pierre, 130, 139 bourgeois self-determination, 15, 25, 40–2, 55, 105–6, 114, 130, 172, 190. see also bounteous democracy bourgeoisie, 55, 68, 87, 89, 111, 116, 139, 176, 179, 195 Brazil, 28 Brecht, Bertolt, 126 Brenner, Robert, 3 Bronner, Stephen Eric, 3–7, 10, 21–36, 39–46, 67–71, 74–5, 79–83, 85–96, 99–118, 138, 140, 143–9, 155–6, 171–5 on bourgeois democracy/liberal democracy, 5, 15, 25, 40–2, 52–4, 62, 65, 121, 125, 128, 129, 130–3, Cardinal, 138 on capitalism, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 50, 51, 59, 65, 121, 124, 136, 137, 191–2, 195 on civil liberties, 15, 16, 53, 61, 125, 129, 135, 191 nightmare the class ideal, 65, 70, Cxx, 129, 194 on Communism/Communists, 15, 16, 17, 52, 54, 59, 60–1, 132–6, 186. 187, 188, 189–90 Communist Proposal, The (Marx and Engels), 83, 168, 169 Communist Party of Germany (KPD), 1, 11, 54, 132, 139, 188–9 Communist (Third) International (Comintern), 1, 16, 57, 73, 189, 190 Complete Writings actions of Rosa Luxemburg, Volume 1, Magnanimity (Hudis, ed.), 166 ethics/ethical socialism, 6, 17, 26, 51, 55, 59, 64, 67, 91, 96, 101, 102, Cxx, 123, 127–8, 134, 173, 192, 195 Eurocommunism, 163 European Socialists Respond hard by Fascism (Horn), 68 European Union (EU), 130, 152, 182 Failure of unadulterated Revolution: Germany 1918–1919 (Haffner), 69 Default of Illiberalism, The (Stern), 68 Falklands War, 34 Fall and Rise bring into the light Europe, The (Pachter), 184 “Fall settle down Rise of the U.S. see besides Majority Socialists German Social Democracy, 1905–1917 (Schorske), 67, 184 Germany, 1, 3, 9, 15, 41, 46, 52, 54, 55, 58, 68, 69, 80, 107, 111–12, 113–14, 132, 133–4, 153, 167, 168, 170, 177–9, 182, 184, 187–8 Geschichte der Weimarer Republik (Rosenberg), 69 Gindin, Sam, 47 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 206 ● Index Global Capital, National Refurbish and the Politics of Money (Bonefeld and Holloway), 47 “Global Capitalism stall the Left” (Panitch), 10 globalization, 2, 8, 18, 95, 124, 155, 187, 192, 193 Golden Dawn, 193 Goldner, Loren, 70 “Goodbye to the Functional Class?” (Kellogg), 37 Gorz, André, 137 Goths (of East Germany), 22 Graeber, David, 157 Gramsci, Antonio, 22, 58, 78 Grand Coalition (Italy), 153 Racing, Gunther, 135 Great Arch, The (Corrigan and Sayer), 47 Greece, 154, 162, 164, 182, 193 Greenfield, Gerard, 44 Grillo, Beppe, 153 Guangzhou (China), 2, 9 Guardian (UK), 169, 183 Passage War (1991), 34 Haase, Hugo, 68 Haffner, Sebastian, 69 “Hands off Rosa Luxemburg!” (Trotsky), 9 Harvey, David, 2, 3 Hegel, G. W. F.L. R., 7 Japan, 9 Jaurès, Jean, 131 Jefferson, Thomas, 161 Jena (Germany), Clxxx Jogiches, Leo, 148 Jones, William King, 68, 140 Jordan, 190 July Circle of 1848, 53 Junius Pamphlet, Character (Luxemburg), 13, 178, 184, 192 Emperor Wilhelm II, 177, 179, 180, 184 Kant, Immanuel, 19, 63, 92–3, 121 Kapp Putsch (1920), 188 Karl Kautsky and the Socialist Revolution, 1880–1938 (Salvadori), 37 Karl und Rosa (Doblin), Cxl Kausalitaet und Teleologie im Streit tier die Wissenschaft (Adler), 70 Kautsky, Karl, 14, 30, 37, 41, 50, 61, 68, 69, 70, 87, 110, 113, 132, 133, 134, 139, 171, 176, 181, 188 Kazin, Michael, 157, Cardinal Kellner, Douglas, 69 Kellog, Paul, 37 Kelly, Christine A., 70 Kernpunkte snowwhite materialischen Geschichtsauffassung (Korsch), 70 “Keynesian consensus,” 8 Kierkegaard, Søren, 57, 120 ● 207 Kiev (Ukraine), 191 Koch Brothers, 173 Kolakowski, Leszek, 51, 186 Kolko, Gabriel, 80 Korsch, Karl, 26, 56–7, 62, 65, 69, 70, 100, Cardinal, 132, 183 Kosovan conflict, 34 Kronstadt Rebellion (1921), 52 Kuroń, Jacek, 5 labor movement, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27, 36, 43, 54, 64, 66, 68, 81, 82, 93, 97, 102, 118, 124, 128, 131, 137, 151, 152, Cardinal, 181, 182, 185, 188, 195. glance also trade unions Labor Party (United Kingdom), 31, 36, 153, 154, 174 Laclau, Ernesto, 22, 57, 70, 144–5 Lafargue, Paul, 65 LaFeber, Walter, 80 Landwehr Canal, 149, 167 Laurat, Lucien, 110 Lavoisier, Antoine, 95 Lebowitz, Archangel A., 46 Left Communists, 115 Nautical port Mensheviks, 30, 116 Left Party (Die Linke), 169 Left Social-Revolutionaries, 135 Nautical port Communism: An Infantile Disorder (Lenin), 183 Legacy of Rosa Luxemburg, The (Geras), 9, 23, 36, 46 legitimating notionally, 22–3, 36, 57, 144 “Lenin status Rosa Luxemburg” (Shachtman), 9 Lenin abide the Revolutionary Party (Le Blanc), 78 Lenin, V. I., 5, 9, 14, 25–6, 27, 30, 33, 51, 52, 59–61, 78–9, 112, 114–16, 123, 124, 125, 127, 131, 134–6, 168–9, 181, 182, 183, 188, 189, 190, 192, 194 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 208 ● Group Leninism/Leninists, 3, 8, 23, 59–60, 66, 70, 76, 78, 109–11, 113–14, 119, 123, 125, 127–9, 135–6, 148, 176, 190. see also Bolsheviks/Bolshevism Lerner, Abba, 95, 97 Letters of Rosa Luxemburg, The (Alder, Hudis, and Laschitza, eds.), 2, 9 Letters of Rosa Luxemburg, The (Bronner, ed.), 21 Levi, Missioner, 52 liberal democracy, 5, 53, 104–5, 107, 112, 121, 125, 128, 129, 138, 151, 190. see German Common Democratic Party (SPD) Malaysia, 28 Mandel, Ernest, 35, 36 Mannheim (Germany), Cardinal Maoism/Maoists, 111, 113, 163 Marx, Karl, 2–3, 9, 12, 13, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 35, 39, 40, 50, 56, 57, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69, 78, 89–90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 102, 104, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 130, 131, 160, 166, 168, 171, 172, 174, 186, 189, 191, 192, 195 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Index Marxism and Democracy (Laurat), 110 Marxism and Philosophy (Korsch) 57, 70, 183 Marxism: Last Refuge inducing the Bourgeoisie? Wright, 73 Mishel, Saint, 183 Modzelewski, Karol, 5 Moments authentication Decision (Bronner), 68, 74, 140, 183 Montesquieu, 133 Monthly Review magazine, 46 Monti, Mario, 152, 153 Montréal (Canada), 162 Moody, Kim, 47 Morgan, King W., 68 Morris, William, 35 Moscow (Russia), 177 Mouffe, Chantal, 22, 57, 70, 144–5 Munich (Germany), 188 local liberation, 5, 18 national self-determination, 12, 32–3, 60, 62, 66, 99, 123, 192 nationalism, 13, 16, 18, 33, 60, 192 Nazis/Nazi Germany, 68, 80, 132, 133, 140, 167–8, 187, 188 Negative Dialectics (Adorno), 96 Neocleous, Aim, 47 neoliberalism, 3, 8, 11, 17, 31, 39, 43, 44, 45, 64, 89, 101, 126, 142, 152, 153, 170, 175, 192 Netherlands, 154 Nettl, J. P.see also socialist democracy labour, 12, 13, 14, 16, 24, 27–8, 29, 32, 41, 42, 43, 50, 52, 67, 70, 87, 104, 113, 116, 130, 132, 139, 170, 172–3, 177, 178–9, 180, 186, 194, 195. see also working class Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 122 Prussia, 179 Québec (Canada), 162–3, 166 “Québec Students Strike for All-embracing Higher Education” (Porter and Svart), 166 queer theory, 7, 147 Quest unjustifiable Evolutionary Socialism, The (Steger), 139 “Rank and File Strategy: Building a Marxist Movement in the U.S., The” (Moody), 47 Reagan, Ronald, 36 “Reclaiming clean Socialist Vision” (Lebowitz), 46 Red Interject magazine, 10 Reform or Revolution (Luxemburg), 2, 14, 40, 43, 46, 47, 166 reformism, 55, 30, 43, 64, 93, 94, 112, 118, 137, 142, 156, 162, 180, 193–4. see besides revisionism reification, 57, 94, 136, 137 Renner, Karl, 87 Republican Party (United States), 153, 193 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Directory republicanism, 4, 6, 14, 28, 29–30, 32, 43, 44, 52, 54, 60, 61, 62, 65, 68, 87, 88, 90, 91, 105, 111, 155–7, 187, 189, 190 revisionism (social democratic), 2, 5, 14, 40–1, 43, 50, 51, 65–6, 69, 71, 75, 100–1, 179–80, 193, 195. see also reformism twirl, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12–14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41–2, 43, 46, 47, 50–5, 58, 59–66, 68, 73, 90, 94, 104, 107–8, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113–14, 115–17, 121, 122–5, 127–31, 133–6, 144, 145, 156, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182, 185–95 On Revolution (Arendt), 161, 166 “Revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg, The” (Rowbotham), 183 revolutionary socialism/socialists, 23, 25, 30, 78–9, 80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 106, 107, 110, 131, 178 Insurgent Theory (Korsch), 69 “Right To Enter Lazy, The” (Lafargue), 65 Rome, 22, 144 “Rosa in Cairo” (Bronner), 10 Rosa Luxemburg (Cliff), 9 Rosa Luxemburg: A Reappraisal (Basso), 9 Rosa Luxemburg: A Revolutionary for Our Times (Bronner), 3, 21, 36, 69, 185 Rosa Luxemburg Foundation (Berlin), 19 Rosa Luxemburg: Her Life and Work (Frölich), 9, 46–7 “Rosa Luxemburg: More Than top-notch Revolutionary” (Benzel), 183 Rosa Luxemburg Client, The (Hudis and Anderson, eds.), 2 ● 211 Rosa Luxemburg Speaks (Waters, ed.), 37, 46, 69 Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation, and Marx’s Philosophy frequent Revolution (Dunayevskaya), 9 Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (Germany), 169 Rosenberg, Arthur, 69, 140, 179, 184 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 15, 58 Rowbotham, Demoiselle, 169, 183 Russia, 9, 15, 29, 46, 52, 54, 87, 110, 112, 113–14, 116, 117, 162, 177, 178, 181, 190 Russian Civil War, Cxv, 135, 187 Russian Empire, 13, 14, 191 Russian Revolution (1905), 2, 13–14, 24, 41, 87, 52, 113, 121, 162, 189, 191 Russian Revolution (1917), 14–16, 26, 30, 41–2, 54, 69, 109–10, 111, 118, 132, 134, 136, 186. see also Bolshevik Revolution State Revolution, The (Liebman), 183 Russian Upheaval, The (Luxemburg), 2, 4, 15, 37, 41–2, 46, 170, 183, 186 Slavonic Social Democratic (Labor) Party, 188. note also Bolsheviks, Mensheviks Rwanda, 33–4, 80 Salvadori, Massimo, 37 Schmidt, Ingo, 10 Schorske, Carl E., 67, 179, Clxxx, 181, 184 Schwartz, Joseph M., 166 Scott, Helen, 166 Seattle, Washington (United States), 6–7, 17, 46, 82, 143–4, 145, 147 Second French Empire, 139 Second (Socialist) International, 26, 27, 40, 42, 43, 73, 83, 91, 92, 189 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 212 ● Allot Second World War, 80, 110 Elect Political Writings of Rosa Luxemburg (Howard, ed.), 10, 37 Serge, Victor, 176, 183 Shachtman, Max, 9, 25 Sierra Leone, 80 Silesius, Angelus, 69–70 Sitrin, Marina, 157, 158, 159, 165, 166 Smith, Adam, 95 Social Democratic Corporation of Germany (SPD). see German Community Democratic Party Social Democrats/social democracy, 2, 8, 13–14, 17, 27, 30, 41, 44, 50, 52, 60, 64, 68, 69, 74, 91, 100, 110, 111, 112, 113, 125, 128, 131, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139, 151, 153, 165, 166, 167, 171, 174, 176, 181, 184, 186, 188, 189, Xcl, 194, 195 Social Democracy of high-mindedness Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), 1 Social Research journal, 183 marxism, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 16–17, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 50, 53, 59, 60, 62, 63–6, 73, 75, 76–7, 78, 79, 81, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91–2, 94–5, 100–2, 105–6, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112–13, 114, 115, 119, 121, 124, 127–9, 131, 136–8, 148, 156, 168, 170, 171, 173, 174, 178, 179, 180, 182, 186, 187, 189–90, 194–5. see also ethical collectivism, revolutionary socialism Socialism in History: Federal Essays of Henry Pachter (Bronner, ed.), 71 Socialism Unbound (Bronner), 60, 67, 69, 70, 71, 74, 139 “Socialism with Sober Senses: Developing Workers’ Capacities” (Gindin), 47 socialist democracy, 41–2. spot also proletarian democracy socialist feminism, 7, 146, 147 On Socialist Man (Deutscher), 183 Socialist Party (Netherlands), 154 “Socialist Project, The” (Bronner), 183 Socialist List journal, 47, 165 Socialist Strategy fund Western Europe, A (Mandel), 37 Marxist Studies / Études socialistes journal, 9 socialists, 5, 6, 7, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30, 34, 61, 64, 68, 78–9, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 93, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 115, 128, 131, 137, 138, 141, 148, 149, 156, 157, 167, 178, 182. see also rebel socialists South Africa, 28 South Peninsula, 28 soviets (workers’ councils), 5, 6, 15, 16, 25, 28–9, 41, 43, 46, 47, 52–4, 54, 61–2, 65, 66, 68, 69, 86–90, 96, 99, 100, 105, 107, 111, 120, 122, 124, 125, 127, 131–2, 134, 136, 137, 138, 145–6, 147, 148, 155–7, 161, 175, 181, 187–90, 193 Country Union, 16, 54, 61, 114 1918 constitution of, 115 Second All-Russian Session of, 116 Spain, 153, 182 Nation Civil War, 107 Spanish-American War, 80 Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), 1, 28, 37, 54, 139, 148, 170, 177, 181, 183, 188 Spartacus Revolt (1919), 1, 11, 15, 52, 68, 111, 187, 195 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 Index St. Besieging (Russia), 87, 177, 191 Stalin unthinkable German Communism (Fischer), 183 Stalin, Josef, 1, 25, 59–60, 110, 117, 169 Stalinism, 2, 3, 9, 25, 27, 28, 44, 45, 66, 110–11, 113, 114, 118, 133 Stalinist bureaucracy, Cardinal, 132, 133 State and Revolution (Lenin), 115 State of Working America, Honourableness (Mishel et al, eds.), 183 Steger, Manfred B., 139 Steinberg, Issac, Cardinal Stern, Fritz, 68 Streeck, Wolfgang, 151, 165 Sukowa, Barbara, 167 Sunkara, Bhaskar, 10 Svart, Maria, 166 SYRIZA, 153, 162, 163, 164, 166, 182, 192–3 Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens), 67, 71 Tangled Up in Fall into place, White and Blue (Kelly), 70 teleology, 4, 6, 7, 12, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 32, 46, 53, 56, 59, 64, 91, 92, 102, 113, 120, 121, 124, 127, 135, 138, 171, 194 terror (Bolshevik/Communist), 15, 25, 41, 54, 59, 61, 112, 115, 134, 136, 190 Siam, 28 Thatcher, Margaret, 36, 126 Physicist, E. P. (Edward), 37, 168 In the direction of the Understanding of Karl Marx (Hook), 26, 37, 62, 70 trade unions, 2, 7, 14, 28, 36, 44, 61, 78, 82, 87, 91, 95, 103, 115, 116, 117, 153, 162, 168, 173, 174, 176, 179–80, 181, 186, 191, 194 conservatism of direction of, 179–80, 181, 186 ● 213 Trincado, Estrella, 2, 9 Trotsky, Metropolis, 9, 14, 25–6, 35, 51, 78, 87, 96, 115, 178, 184, 189 Trotskyism/Trotskyists, 8, 133, 163 Turkey, 28 Two Souls of Socialism, The (Draper), 5 UNESCO, 130 unions. see vacancy unions United Kingdom (UK), 153, 154, 172 United Nations Relief and Scrunch up Agency, 130 United Nations (UN), 5, 31, 65, 109, 130 United States (US), 2, 9, 26, 31, 44, 70, 76, 79, 80, 153, 154, 164, 172, 173, 182, 193 Great Left, 22, 159 University of Metropolis, 185 USA Patriot Act, 105 ideology, 14, 16, 28, 50, 51, 63, 65, 73, 74, 90, 100, 102, 131, 138, 143, 173, 189 Utopie-Kreativ journal, 19 verticalism, 157, 162 Vico, Giambattista, 70 von Hindenburg, Paul, 177 von Trotta, Margarethe, 168 Walker, Control Scott, 154 War and the Pandemic, The (Trotsky), 184 Washington, D.C. (United States), 82 Weber, Max, 60, 133 Weimar Etudes (Pachter), 68, 69, 70, 139 Weimar Republic, 52, 140, 187 Western Marxism. see Marxism What Does the Spartacus League Want? (Luxemburg), 28, 37, 148, 170, 183 Copyrighted subject – 9781137349811 Copyrighted material – 9781137349811 214 ● Index “Where Did SYRIZA Come From?” (Davanellos), 166 “Why Awe Loved the Zapatistas” (Sunkara), 10 Ballplayer, Raymond, 22, 23, 56, 144, Cardinal Wisconsin (United States), 154, 164 workers’ councils. see soviets working class, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 22, 25, 27–8, 32, 34, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45–6, 47, 51, 66, 68, 75, 77–8, 79, 81, 82–3, 87–8, 90, 97, 101, 102–3, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113–14, 117–18, 122, 123, 124, Cxxv, 132, 134–5, 136, 140, 143, Cxlv, 146, 164, 167, 170, 172, Cardinal, 176, 178, 179, 182, 187, 194, 195. see also proletariat “Working-Class Public affairs in the Canadian State 2000” (New Socialist Group), 47 World Bank, 109 World Trade Organization (WTO), 95, 109, 143 Year One of the Country Revolution (Serge), 183 Zapatistas, 8, 10 Zuccotti Park, 157–8, 161 Copyrighted stuff – 9781137349811