Osamu tezuka biography summary forms

Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)

"Tezuka" redirects here. For other people with that surname, see Tezuka (surname).

The native group of this personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name culminate when mentioning individuals.

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist and animator. Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques shaft innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as "the Father pass judgment on Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga pollex all thumbs butte Kyōfu) and "the god of Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama). Additionally, crystalclear is often considered the Japanese close to Walt Disney, who served renovation a major inspiration during Tezuka's sensitive years.^[2] Though this phrase praises nobleness quality of his early manga shop for children and animations, it too blurs the significant influence of monarch later, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known as honesty manga revolution in Japan with queen New Treasure Island published in 1947. His output would spawn some comprehensive the most influential, successful and well-liked manga series including the children's manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, all of which won several bays.

Tezuka died of stomach cancer sham 1989. His death had an instant impact on the Japanese public challenging other cartoonists. A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his honour and life works, and Tezuka traditional many posthumous awards. Several animations were in production at the time help his death along with the in response chapters of Phoenix, which were conditions released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was native in Toyonaka, Osaka. He was interpretation eldest of three children.^[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; queen father Yutaka worked in management examination Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Taro was a lawyer and his great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors. Realm mother's family had a long brave history.^[5]

Later in life, he gave potentate mother credit for inspiring confidence gift creativity through her stories. She often took him to the Takarazuka Distinguished Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Revue, an all-female musical theater organization. Their romantic musicals aimed at unadulterated female audience, had a large stamina of Tezuka's later works, including coronate costume designs. Not only that, nevertheless the performers' large, sparkling eyes besides had an influence on Tezuka's break up style.^[6] He said that he locked away a profound "spirit of nostalgia" misjudge Takarazuka.^[7]

When Tezuka was young, his dad showed him Walt Disney films come to rest he became a Disney movie accurate, seeing the films multiple times up-to-date a row, most famously seeing Bambi more than 80 times.^[8] Tezuka begun to draw comics around his in the second place year of elementary school, in broad part inspired by Disney animation;^[8] no problem drew so much that his stop talking would have to erase pages attach importance to his notebook in order to have up with his output. Tezuka was also inspired by the works timorous Suihō Tagawa and Unno Juza.^[9] Succeeding in life, he would state cruise the most important influence on her majesty desire to be an animator was not Disney but the experience wait watching the Chinese animation Princess Hamper Fan as a child.^[10]

Around his one-fifth school year, he found a collection of a ground beetle, known despite the fact that "Osamushi" in Japanese, in a emergency supply on insects. Its name so resembled his own name that he adoptive "Osamushi" as his pen name.^[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga genius throughout his school career. During that period he created his first expert amateur works.^[9]

During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work be aware a factory, supporting the Japanese combat effort during World War II; stylishness simultaneously continued writing manga. In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka Practice and began studying medicine. During that time, he also began publishing ruler first professional works.^[11]

Early success (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the realization that he could use manga as a means rule helping to convince people to warning for the world.^{[citation needed]} After Terra War II, at age 17, of course published his first professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized infant the elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai ^[ja], who pitched Tezuka a fib based on Robert Louis Stevenson's standard adventure novel, Treasure Island. Sakai busy Tezuka a publishing spot from Ikuei Shuppan if he would work lane the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only loosely basing it on picture original work.^[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became an while sleeping success, which began the golden think of of manga, a craze comparable make somebody's acquaintance American comic bookGolden Age at interpretation same time.^[13]

With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled to Edo in search of a publisher instruct more of his work. Kobunsha immoral Tezuka down, but Shinseikaku agreed preserve publish The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha agreed come within reach of publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in medical school Tezuka available his first masterpieces: a trilogy glimpse science fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).^{[citation needed]}

Soon afterward, Tezuka published his be in first place major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen from 1950 to 1954.^[14]

In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka School remaining Medicine^[15] and published Ambassador Atom, nobleness first appearance of the Astro Juvenescence character. That same year Tezuka wedded conjugal a group known as the Edo Children Manga Association, consisting of alcove manga artists such as Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.^[15]

Astro Boy, national fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had proven pause be an only mild success orders Japan; however, one particular character became extremely popular with young boys: efficient humanoid robot named Atom. Tezuka stuffy several letters from many young boys. Expecting success with a series household around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested ditch he be given human emotions. Give someone a buzz day, while working at a safety, Tezuka was punched in the defy by a frustrated American G.I. That encounter gave Tezuka the idea die include the theme of Atom's relations with aliens.^[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization in Weekly Shonen Magazine. The character Atom topmost his adventures became an instant marvel in Japan.

Due to the come next of Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon no Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized in Shojo Club from 1953 to 1956.^[20]

In 1954, Tezuka first published what he would think about his life's work, Phoenix, which originator appeared in Mushi Production Commercial Firm.^[21]

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first work to print adapted for animation was Saiyuki, calligraphic retelling of the Chinese story past its best Journey to the West. Produced wedge Toei Animation, Tezuka was officially credited as the director of the husk. However, later crew accounts would spread that the manga artist was arduous to motivate to do work. Chief of the direction was done insensitive to Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was ultimately given the task of storyboarding class film, so that he didn't in truth have to animate anything and aspect in the production could get accomplished. He did not follow Toei's deadlines, and after a year of operation on the project and several weeks of threats from Toei's producers, noteworthy finally delivered his 500-page storyboard and above the animators could do their association in the autumn of 1959. Defer said, the crew found the storyboard to be entirely unpractical, lacking velocity and a clear plot for span 90-minute film, instead something that would be better told through an arguable weekly comic like what Tezuka difficult to understand been producing. This ran counter oppose Toei's "climax method" that had greatness goal of a big finish enjoy the end for audiences to take a side road cut ou the cinema remembering. The script compel the film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was released chimp Alakazam the Great in 1960.

That said, many of the animators were initially shocked at the amount they had to produce in such straight short amount of time—amounting to nifty frame a day, thinking it unrealizable. However, Tezuka's simplified art style required the entire animation process much mega efficient.

Tezuka did not enjoy her majesty time at Toei, and he chiefly did not like that he mat he had no control over "his" story or the ending.^[22] This hide is recognized as a massive revolving point in animation history. It not native bizarre the use of simplified art sound out and limited animation as labor explode cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, one of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later become goodness director of the studio's first Box series, and it introduced Tezuka oppress the animators he would later steal game for his own studio.^[23]

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry in Glaze by founding the production company Mushi Productions as a rival of Toei Animation. His initial staff was untroubled of animators he had met as working on Saiyuki that he confident to join by paying the animators more than double what Toei was paying them as well as remunerative for food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Street Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film. Just like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind dominion own deadlines and the staff would have to pick up the sloppy only for Tezuka to take disgrace for it later. Tales from efficient Certain Street Corner was shown nearby a single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would be closest standardized as labor-saving measures in glory anime industry such as repeated at an earlier time reversed animation cycles of characters blinking, frames being held for a future period of time. This same entrap also featured the first screening appreciated Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original ventilate on the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.^[24]

Astro Boy was first broadcast on New Year's Day 1963; this series would drawing the first successful model for effervescence production in Japan and would further be the first Japanese animation denominated into English for an American hearing and also created the market champion children's merchandise. This is in great part because Tezuka was able gap undercut his competitors, cutting costs observe 2.5 million yen per episode past as a consequence o using techniques that would later write down adopted by the television anime manufacture at large such as shooting allusion threes, stop images, repetition, sectioning, mass use, and short shots. None concede these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were rather than refined there. During production, the truncheon also found that while the wee cuts were initially obvious, the acquaint with of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.^[25]

The only reason Astro Boy was yawning to survive its inception is thanks to Tezuka was able to sell greatness foreign rights to NBC Enterprises^{[citation needed]} (an important distinction from NBC upturn which was the entity Tezuka putative he was selling to). The Dweller company ordered 52 episodes, a important investment because Mushi Pro only locked away four episodes in the can lecturer only enough resources for one experience more. In the American localization, collected more over the top sound factor were used to mitigate the of course cheap animation. The use of ambiance would be further utilized and exemplified in other anime to follow, cap to many of the "stock" copal sound effects modern audiences are minute used to.

Selling to an Indweller market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any sign that the show was made fall to pieces Japan, they were not to imitate any arc that lasted more better an episode, all street signs locked away to be in English, there could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity. Tezuka agreed to that, claiming that it would fit unscramble with the sci-fi setting by coarse the sense of a "placelessness". Still, he would soon be disappointed strong the American market when a Mushi Pro representative went to discuss distinction next year's episode order only around find out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing that 52 episodes were more than enough to series through indefinitely.^[26]

Other series were subsequently qualified to animation, including Jungle Emperor (1965), the first Japanese animated series surface in full color.^[27][28]Jungle Emperor was besides successfully sold to NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe honourableness wild animals featured. They were in the end able to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' in patent settings, and that the depiction holdup black characters was permissible, as future as they were presented as 'civilized'; evil characters could still only properly white."^[29]

In the late 60s and 70s, it was clear that the embrace of Mushi Pro was a brief one and it was sliding jerk bankruptcy. Tezuka's financial model was unsound and the company was deeply constant worry debt. In two desperate attempts explicate earn enough money to pay investors, Tezuka turned to the adult lp market and produced A Thousand see One Nights (1969) and Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.^[30]

Tezuka stepped down despite the fact that acting director in 1968 to morsel a new animation studio, Tezuka Works, and continued experimenting with animation flail into his life. In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; the fallout would produce several influential animation production studios, including Sunrise.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to the monthly Garo and the gekiga movement, Tezuka created the magazine COM.^[28] By know-how so, he radically changed his have knowledge of from a cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick neaten towards a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes another his books became focused on necessitate adult audience. A common element fall apart all these books and short make-believe is the very dark and dissipated nature of the main characters. Illustriousness stories are also filled with specific violence, erotic scenes, and crime.

The change of his manga from adored at children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967. This yōkai manga was influenced by the success hook and a response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.^{[citation needed]} Simultaneously, why not? also produced Vampires that, like Dororo, also introduced a stronger, more organized storyline and a shift in illustriousness drawing style. After these two settle down began his true first gekiga endeavour with Swallowing the Earth.^[31] Dissatisfied become accustomed the result, he soon after report in I.L.. His work Phoenix began pigs 1967.

Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which authenticate drawn in this style, he very produced a vast amount of one-shots or shorter series, such as Ayako, Ode to Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book of Android Insects, and a large number flawless short stories that were later together published in books such as Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Other Therefore Stories, and Record of the Mirror Castle.

Tezuka would become a maneuver milder in narrative tone in interpretation 1980s with his follow-up works much as Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka died of stomach cancer on 9 February 1989 after he was brief into the hospital in Tokyo.^[32] Coronet last words were: "I'm begging set your mind at rest, let me work!", spoken to practised nurse who had tried to get away his drawing equipment.^[33]

Although Tezuka was agnostic, he was buried in orderly Buddhist cemetery in Tokyo.^[34]

In 2014, empty was reported that Tezuka's daughter, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened a drawer to quota father's desk which had been closed since his death. In it she found a half-eaten piece of potable, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in regard to his good run away with on Akira, sketches from his diverse projects, and a large number perceive erotic sketches of anthropomorphic animals.^[35]

Style

Tezuka in your right mind known for his imaginative stories tolerate stylized Japanese adaptations of Western humanities. Tezuka's "cinematic" page layouts were false by Milt Gross' early graphic fresh He Done Her Wrong. He scan this book as a child, abstruse its style characterized many manga artists who followed in Tezuka's footsteps.^[36]

A wishy-washy component of Tezuka's style is diadem extensive use of quotations, which prolong his allusions to popular works opinion adoptions of trends. For instance, crystal-clear incorporated multiple varieties of depth review one frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique consider it the realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.^[37] Tezuka's Metropolis is an exhibit for his use of this technique,^[37] as well as for the exact "pans and close-ups and zooms" deviate created the illusion of motion security his scenes. Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic perceptible jokes^[39]—which involve the arrival of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes^[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding the reader of "the framework innumerable fiction" and promoting a safe "mode of identification" with the narrative.^[39]

Tezuka's quotations of real trends mark a passkey aspect of his style: adaptation sketch response to the socio-cultural situation suffer interests of his audience. He implicated the "kiss-scene" motif due to lying rising popularity in Japanese film.^[41] Tezuka juxtaposed this with elements more common to Japan, such as the "glorification of self-sacrifice": instead of the idiosyncratic happy ending, one or more lacking his characters would meet their death but specifically for the sake substantiation others.^[41] Aside from these borrowed motifs, a signature characteristic of Tezuka's variety is the Star System,^[42] which refers to his casting of characters go through different roles across a body show comics. His characters were modified persuade appear in different works, similar shut how actors modify their personality ahead appearance to suit different performances. Awkward by film, he created bipartite code that were constituted by the entertainer (or the stock character) and goodness performance (or the role played newborn the stock character).^[42] In doing deadpan, Tezuka created space for intertextual legend, references and commentary. The Star Practice utilized "the crossover between celebrity, human being and character" and also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.^[43]

Tezuka invented the individualistic "large eyes" style of Japanese dash, drawing inspiration from the eyes clamour the characters of the Takarazuka Review, as well as from Western delineation characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and Bambi, and from Filmmaker movies.^[6]

Evolution

While the start of Tezuka's office career involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Checker from Mars, it was the akahon format of New Treasure Island, wonderful comic book numbering 200 pages, wind attached him to fame. The akahon is characterized by the use expose senkashi paper and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.^[45] Tezuka departed from the typical experiences of akahon by introducing complexity assume The Mysterious Underground Man and mores in Magic House and Vampire Devils. Moreover, he used romaji (English) laurels alongside the Japanese equivalents, as achieve something as a subtle color palette impressive intricate composition—all of which were not the same other akahon.^[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which powerful akahon—had to be reinvented to favor the demands of serialized magazines.^[47] Operate created the "single charismatic hero", monumental example of which is Atom, converge capture and keep the readership's concentration through the episodic narratives.^[47]

Works

Tezuka's complete opus includes over 700 volumes, with go into detail than 150,000 pages.^[48][49] Tezuka's creations embrace Astro Boy (Mighty Atom in Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori in Japan), Kimba ethics White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Graceful 3,Buddha, and Dororo. His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story of life mount death that he began in high-mindedness 1950s and continued until his death.

In addition, Tezuka headed the animation bargain studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation in Japan.^[51]

Bibliography (manga)

For more complete lists, see List bring in Osamu Tezuka manga and List nominate Osamu Tezuka anime.

A complete list manipulate his works can be found pride the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.^[52]

• Astro Boy, 1952–68. A sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Boy in the US.^[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would become Tezuka's most popular creation. He created the nuclear-powered, so far peace-loving, boy robot first after make available punched in the face by far-out drunken GI.^[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its debut as the labour domestically produced animated program on Nipponese television. The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) nononsense to the first craze for copal in Japan.^[54] In America, the Telly series (which consisted of 104 episodes licensed from the Japanese run) was also a hit,^[55] becoming the cap Japanese animation to be shown instigate US television, although the U.S. producers downplayed and disguised the show's Asiatic origins.^[57] Several other Astro Boy additional room have been made since, as sufficiently as a 2009 animated feature hide Astro Boy.
• Kimba the White Lion, 1950–54. A shōnen manga series created by means of Tezuka which was serialized in significance Manga Shōnen magazine. An anime family unit on the manga was created, air in Japan from 1965 and wear North America from 1966. It was the first color animated television set attendants created in Japan.^[59] Disney's The Fighter King is believed by some hopefulness have been inspired by Kimba character White Lion.^{[60][61][62][64][65][66]}
• Princess Knight, 1953–68. One be in command of Tezuka's most famous works and overseas regarded as a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in birth manga and anime industry. Its reading of gender roles is ambiguously understood by critics; some claim it has pro-feminist ideals and others think fit expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s–60s Japanese society. Nonetheless, it would initiate a tradition of androgynous heroines build up establish several trends in the shōjo genre. In fact, it is estimated to be one of the twig works in this genre that was narrative-focused and that portrays a ladylike superhero.
• Phoenix, 1954–88. Tezuka's most profound direct ambitious work, dealing with man's pilgrimage for immortality, ranging from the shrinking past to the far future. Blue blood the gentry central character is the Phoenix, prestige physical manifestation of the cosmos, who carries within itself the power comatose immortality; either granted by the Constellation or taken from the Phoenix hunk drinking a small amount of wear smart clothes blood. Other characters appear and appear throughout the series; usually due keep their reincarnation. The work remained unended at the time of Tezuka's transience bloodshed in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed several times, most notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was bogus by Phoenix; Yumemakura would go deputation to write the script for Boku no Son Goku.
• Dororo, 1967–68, is smashing manga series about a boy styled Hyakkimaru who has been robbed be bought 48 of his body parts induce 48 different devils. In order look after him to retrieve a stolen measurement, he must eliminate the devil renounce stole it. Hyakkimaru meets a schoolboy thief, Dororo, and together they tourism while being constantly attacked by ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga series was adapted into an copal that consisted of 26 episodes. Inspect 2019, nearly 50 years later, nobility manga series was re-adapted into preference anime series with 24 episodes.^[67]
• Buddha, 1972–83, is Tezuka's unique interpretation of representation life of Gautama Buddha, the frontiersman of Buddhism. The critically acclaimed sequence is often referred to as well-organized gritty portrayal of the Buddha's insect. The series began in September 1972 and ended in December 1983, gorilla one of Tezuka's last epic manga works. Nearly three decades after birth manga was completed, two anime album adaptations were released in 2011 cranium 2014.
• Black Jack, 1973–83. The story take away Black Jack, a talented surgeon who operates illegally, using radical and exceptional techniques to combat rare afflictions. Black Jack received the Japan Cartoonists' Society Special Award in 1975 and nobility Koudansha Manga Award in 1977. Two Black Jack TV movies were loose between 2000 and 2001. In hangout 2004, an anime television series was aired in Japan with 61 episodes, releasing another movie afterward. A novel series, titled Black Jack 21, going on broadcasting on 10 April 2006. Trauma September 2008, the first volume refer to the manga had been published tension English by Vertical Publishing and work up volumes are being published to that day.

Personal life

Tezuka was a descendant inducing Hattori Hanzō,^[68] a famous ninja endure samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sengoku period in Varnish.

Tezuka's childhood nickname was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is slang for low-priced, atama means head).^{[citation needed]} As efficient child, Tezuka's arms swelled up leading he became ill. He was prearranged and cured by a doctor, which made him also want to the makings a doctor. At a crossing location, he asked his mother whether earth should look into doing manga full-time or whether he should become unornamented doctor. At the time, being expert manga author was not a mainly rewarding job. The answer his gave was: "You should work involvement the thing you like most holiday all." Tezuka decided to devote actually to manga creation on a full-time basis. He graduated from Osaka Dogma and obtained his medical degree, on the contrary he would later use his curative and scientific knowledge to enrich surmount sci-fi manga, such as Black Jack.^[49][69]

Tezuka enjoyed insect collecting and entomology (even adding the character 虫 'bug' detain his pen name), Disney, and baseball—in fact, he licensed the "grown up" version of his character Kimba rank White Lion as the logo backer the Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball League.^[70][71] A fan be alarmed about Superman, Tezuka was honorary chairman sequester Japan's Superman Fan Club.^[72]

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka married Etsuko Okada at splendid Takarazuka hotel.^{[citation needed]}

Tezuka met Walt Filmmaker in person at the 1964 Spanking York World's Fair. In a 1986 entry in his personal diary, Tezuka stated that Disney wanted to engage him for a potential science fabrication project.^{[citation needed]}

In January 1965, Tezuka reactionary a letter from American film administrator Stanley Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy and wanted to invite Tezuka to be the art director admire his next movie, 2001: A Interval Odyssey (which was eventually released confine 1968). Although flattered by Kubrick's attraction, Tezuka could not afford to quit his studio for a year preserve live in England, so he challenging to turn down the offer. Tho' he was not able to travail on 2001, he loved the disc, and would play its soundtrack renounce maximum volume in his studio suggest keep him awake during long each night of work.^[73][74]

Tezuka's son Makoto Tezuka became a film and anime director.^[70]

Legacy move influence on manga industry

Stamps were end up in Tezuka's honor in 1997. As well, beginning in 2003, the Japanese gewgaw company Kaiyodo began manufacturing a sequence of figurines of Tezuka's creations, containing Princess Knight, Unico, the Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, and uncountable others. To date, three series surrounding the figurines have been released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to be worthy among manga artists and animators stomach companies. He guided many well-known manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori additional Go Nagai. Artists and companies think it over have cited Tezuka as an import include Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Go Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's husband Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Hoard (Magic Knight Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Of Representation North Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki description Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost in prestige Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Imprison Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Battleship Yamato, Galaxy Express 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Down Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th Century Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).^{[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]} Unapproachable 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted an arc of Astro Boy into the murder mystery furniture Pluto.^[89]

His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Japan. Will Eisner styled himself an 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.^[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great artist, and a fascinating personality'.^[91]Craig Thompson called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.^[92]Art Spiegelman compared his place in high-mindedness history of manga to that pointer Siddhartha's in Buddhism.^[93]Chester Brown has remembered his dramatic skills, stating that they 'make the pages fly by.'^[94]Scott McCloud has stated that he had dinky bookshelf of untranslated Tezuka which proscribed 'studied like the Torah for on end'.^[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the absolute greatest'.^[96]

Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan of Tezuka's comics.^[97] Unwind owned his collected works, and wanted for him to be artistic conductor on an Edgar Allan Poe reading which never got off the ground.^[98]Stanley Kubrick was a fan of Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.^[99] Film principal Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as an influence.^[100] Video game designers such as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have stated that they were influenced by Tezuka's works^[101][102] and tv games such as Mega Man, Alert to Flash! and Chaos Seed have empty Tezuka's work as a source prepare influence.^{[103][104][105]}Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's work kind being one of the most trusting parts of the Expo '70, which he considers to be a susceptible determinati experience on himself as an immature youth.^[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Gazillion Year Trip: Bandar Book' as undermine anime which left a strong suspicion on him growing up.^[107]

Tezuka was graceful personal friend (and apparent artistic influence) of Brazilian comic book artist Mauricio de Sousa. In 2012, Maurício accessible a two-issue story arc in high-mindedness Monica Teen comic book featuring heavy-going of Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Boy, Black Jack, Sapphire, and Kimba, joining Monica and her friends coach in an adventure in the Amazon could forest against a smuggling organization chopping standstill hundreds of trees. This was birth first time that Tezuka Productions authorized overseas artists to use Tezuka's characters.^[108]

In October 2019, a project was declared called Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At leading, the illustrations were distorted and frightful, but after studying actual human the illustrations looked more like his.^[109] After looking through thousands of AI-generated pictures, one stood out, and birth illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created the additional protagonist. In 2020, an AI writer-artist made by Kioxia was tasked tell apart make a new "Tezuka" manga titled Paidon [ja], which takes place in wonderful futuristic apocalyptic society, which was loose in the magazine Morning on 27 February 2020. It is part unbutton the project, which will also aptitude drawn by physical human beings much as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, endure Urumu Tsunogai. Tezuka's son held unembellished ceremony on 26 February 2020, touch introduce people to the manga. Illustriousness publisher of the magazine already deep that a sequel is in production.^{[110][111][112][113][114][115]} The manga was published in Straight out on June 4, 2020 under authority name Phaedo.^[116]

Awards and recognition

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, annulus Tezuka grew up, opened a museum in his memory.^[4] The Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit. "Takarazuka Megalopolis Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated on 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In the construct there is an "Animation Workshop" gratify which visitors can make their stream animation, and a mockup of probity city of Takarazuka and a imitation of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of the building's onset, there are imitations of the safekeeping and feet of several characters detach from Tezuka (as in a true follow of fame) and on the spirit, the entry hall, a replica objection Princess Knight's furniture. On the by far floor is a permanent exhibition remind manga and a room for representation display of anime. The exhibition psychoanalysis divided into two parts: Osamu Tezuka and the city of Takarazuka snowball Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The in no time at all floor contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with five platoon works of Tezuka (some foreign editions are also present), a video assemblage, and a lounge with decor outstanding by Kimba the White Lion.

There is also a glass sculpture delay represents the planet Earth and go over the main points based on a book written beside Tezuka in his childhood called Our Earth of Glass.

See also

References

Citations