Encyclopedia taekwondo gral choi hong hi biography

Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and martial chief (–)

In this Korean name, the cover name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born()9 November
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June () (aged&#;83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank&#; Ordinal dan, Grand Master, principal founder, Tae Kwon Do (ITF)
&#; 2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean:&#;최홍희; 9 November &#;– 15 June ) was a South Asiatic Army general, and martial artist who was an important figure in say publicly history of the Korean martial deceit of Taekwondo, albeit controversial due talk his introduction of taekwondo to Northern Korea.

Choi is regarded by uncountable as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most much by organizations belonging to the Ubiquitous Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first global federation for Taekwondo, which he founded.[1] Others, such as World Taekwondo, draft Choi as either an unimportant rule a dishonorable figure in taekwondo life because of his defection to Northernmost Korea, whether by omitting him unearth their versions of taekwondo history[2] mean through explicit statements,[3] due to glory aforementioned controversy.

Early life

Choi was local on 9 November in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan (now Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, Northerly Korea).[5] Choi originally claimed that ruler father sent him to study writing under Han Il-dong, who was additionally "a master of taekkyon, the senile Korean art of foot fighting". Recognized later recanted this story and articulated that he never studied taekkyeon nearby that it had nothing to furnish to taekwondo.[6] Choi travelled to Embellish, where he studied English, mathematics, boss karate.[5] In Kyoto, he met efficient fellow Korean with the surname Die away, who was a karate instructor topmost taught Choi this martial art. Choi also claimed to have learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just earlier he had left Korea, Choi patently had a disagreement with a grappler named Hu, and the possibility have a high opinion of a future confrontation inspired him money train; in his own words, "I would imagine that these were dignity techniques I would use to shield myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to lug out his promise to tear propel limb from limb when I in the end returned to Korea". Choi attained excellence rank of 1st dan in karate in , and then 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted touch on the Japanese army during World Warfare II, later stating that he confidential been forced to serve. He wrote that he was imprisoned for attempting to escape and, in June , was sentenced to seven years purport conspiracy by a Japanese Military Undertaking for his involvement in a rebellion.[11] Following the war, in January , Choi was commissioned as a next lieutenant in the Korean army. Go over the top with to , Choi received promotions visit first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted to major general make known [13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined elements dispense Oh Do Kwan Karate and Sharpness Soo Do to develop a hone of the martial art known introduction "Taekwondo"; his organization spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, help, art" or "the way of commit and foot" and it was good named on 11 April [15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, gleam was made an honorary director become calm given an honorary 5th dan strapping in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Theory test to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was stripped of his rank and plump in the Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, manufacture with other Korean martial arts instructors, was a major contributor to blue blood the gentry global expansion of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting justness spread of taekwondo internationally by placement Korean taekwondo instructors around the replica, and have consistently claimed that ITF-style taekwondo is the only authentic perfect of taekwondo, most notably in entirely sections of its textbooks.[20] He was also the author of the leading English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon-Do, promulgated by Daeha Publication Company in Carry , Choi went into exile remove Canada after the South Korean decide refused to allow his organisation discover teach taekwondo in North Korea, be proof against the South Korea government formed righteousness World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) in [5] (renamed to WT in ). Pile he traveled and defected to Northbound Korea where he was welcomed soak the government and supported in monarch project of spreading Taekwondo to leadership world.[21]

Death

Choi died of cancer on 15 June in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] at he received a state funeral envisage the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On coronate funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed dilemma the Taekwondo Hall of Fame interest various titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of the Supranational Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived timorous his wife, Choi Joon-hee; his newborn, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny queue Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies about in English usage. The WT leading affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," like chalk and cheese the ITF and affiliated organizations commonly use "taekwon-do" (as Choi used that spelling). In Wikipedia, the default orthography is "taekwondo." This article follows that standard, but uses "taekwon-do" when referring specifically to the ITF or concerted organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's () article, the note on Choi's plug to 2nd dan in karate recapitulate followed by a note about honourableness outbreak of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's 2nd dan promotion occurred no later than excellence early stages of that conflict (c. –).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi". Retrieved 25 September
  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June ). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper". . Seoul Shinmun.
  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L. (29 June ). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Peninsula General Who Created Tae Kwon Gathering. The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March
  5. ^Capener, Steven D. (Spring ). "The Making of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61– doi/kj
  6. ^"태권도신문". Archived from the original on 18 Feb Retrieved 19 June
  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 Nov ). "The Founder of the Universal Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Account of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 Nov ). "The Founder of the Supranational Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Description of Sport. 38 (17): – doi/ ISSN&#;
  9. ^Kim, S. J. (): History sight TaekwondoArchived 3 July at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 18 September
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ). "The Founder notice the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Legend and Fact". The International Journal fall for the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Process get ahead Taekwondo, from the s to ". The International Journal of the Representation of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; Diminish, Young Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, wean away from the s to ". The Universal Journal of the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  13. ^Franks, A. (): Taekwon-Do captain imitators. In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, Tertiary ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Bolshevism, Nationalism, and Political Propaganda in Northbound Korean Sport, Jung Woo Lee snowball Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport advocate Social Issues, ,
  15. ^Gillis, Alex (). A Killing Art: The Untold Features of Tae Kwon Do, Updated beginning Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central News Intermediation. 16 June Retrieved 12 February
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Fame Retrieved on 12 January

Sources

  • Choi, H. H. (). Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence. Vol.&#;1 (3rd&#;ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Power Federation. pp.&#;–

External links