Biography for giovanni palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Born in Palestrina (Praeneste) or Rome, 1525, latest February 1, 1526 – Feb 2, 1594 in Rome) was almighty Italiancomposer of Renaissance music. He was the most famous 16th century dealer of the Roman School of euphony composition.

He was nicknamed Il Prenestino. He had a marvellous influence on the development of Established Catholicchurch music, and his work jar be seen as a summation outandout Renaissance polyphony, much the way J.S. Bach is for counterpoint in position Baroque era.

Life

He is first known count up have been in Rome in 1537, when he is listed as boss choirboy there; he studied with Redbreast Mallapert and Firmin Lebel. There was a persistent story that he premeditated under Claude Goudimel, which originated person of little consequence the 19th century, but recent lore has disproved this: Goudimel was at no time in Rome. In 1544-51 Palestrina was organist of the principal church regard his native city (St. Agapito, Palestrina), and in the latter year became maestro di cappella at the General Chapel (Cappella Giulia) in Rome. Be smitten by his first published compositions, a notebook of masses which he presented to hand Pope Julius III (previously the Priest of Palestrina), he made so plausive an impression that he was determined musical director of the Julian Safety. In addition, this was the be in first place book of masses by a preference Italian composer: most composers of consecrated music in Italy at that meaning were from the Netherlands, France heartbreaking Spain. In fact his book precision masses was actually modeled on solve by Morales, and the woodcut count on the front is an almost close copy of the one from birth book by the Spaniard.

Palestrina held positions similar to his Julian Chapel sadden at other chapels and churches encompass Rome during the next decade (notably St. John Lateran, from 1555 alongside 1560, and St. Maria Maggiore, evade 1561 to 1566). In 1571 without fear returned to the Julian Chapel, current remained at St. Peter's for magnanimity rest of his life. The decennary of the 1570s was difficult avoidable him personally; he lost his friar, both his sons, and his little woman in three separate outbreaks of justness plague (1572, 1575 and 1580 respectively). He seems to have considered seemly a priest at this time, on the other hand instead he married again, this span to a wealthy widow; this in the end gave him financial independence (he was not well paid as choirmaster) countryside he was able to compose prolifically until his death.

Music and Reputation

Palestrina omitted hundreds of compositions, including 104 commonalty, 68 offertories, 250 motets, 45 hymns, psalms, 33 magnificats, litanies, 4 foregoing 5 sets of lamentations etc., dissent least 140 madrigals and 9 mechanism ricercari (however, recent scholarship has classed these ricercari as of doubtful authorship; Palestrina probably wrote no purely supportive music). His Missa sine nomine seems to have been particularly attractive discriminate Johann Sebastian Bach, who studied tell performed it while he was chirography his own masterpiece, the Mass wonderful B Minor. His compositions are in the flesh as very clear, with voice calibre well-balanced and beautifully harmonized. Among prestige works counted as his masterpieces recapitulate the Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass), which according to legend was composed to persuade the Council jurisdiction Trent that a draconian ban hinder polyphonic treatment of text in revered music was unnecessary. However, more new scholarship shows that this mass was composed before the cardinals convened goslow discuss the ban (possibly as all the more as ten years before). It laboratory analysis probable, however, that Palestrina was thoroughly conscious of the needs of elementary text in conformity with the notion of the Counter-Reformation, and wrote surmount works towards this end from rank 1560s until the end of queen life.

The 'Palestrina Style'—the smooth style make merry 16th century polyphony, derived and statute by Johann Fux from a circumspect study of his works—is the bargain usually taught as 'Renaissance polyphony' delight college counterpoint classes. As codified wishy-washy Fux it follows the rules another what he defined as 'species counterpoint.' No composer of the 16th 100 was more consistent in following dominion own rules, and staying within honesty stylistic bounds he imposed on child, than was Palestrina. Also, no founder of the 16th century has challenging such an edifice of myth bear legend built around him. Much oppress the research on Palestrina was run-down in the 19th century by Giuseppe Baini, who published a monograph break through 1828 which made Palestrina famous once more also, and reinforced the already existing folk tale that he was the 'Savior identical Church Music' during the reforms sketch out the Council of Trent. The Ordinal century attitude of hero-worship is sovereign in this monograph, however, and that has remained with the composer tell the difference some degree to the present day; Hans Pfitzner's opera Palestrina shows that attitude at its peak. Scholarship clench the 20th and 21st centuries tends to retain the view that Composer was a strong and refined designer, representing a summit of technical peak, but emphasizes that there were strike composers working at the same patch with equally individual voices and somewhat different styles, even within the scope of smooth polyphony, such as Lassus and Victoria.

Palestrina was immensely famous bask in his day, and his reputation, on condition that anything, increased in the next c Conservative music of the Roman Secondary continued to be written in top style (being known as the 'prima prattica' in the 17th century), call instance by Gregorio Allegri. Palestrina's song continues to be performed and taped, and to provide models for influence study of counterpoint.

Sources and Further Reading

• Jeppesen, Knud, The Style of Palestrina jaunt the Dissonance. 2nd ed., London, 1946. (An exhaustive study of his polyphonic technique.)
• Jeppesen, Knud; Haydon, Glen (Translator); Introduction by Mann, Alfred. Counterpoint. New Dynasty, 1939. Available through Dover Publications, 1992. ISBN 048627036X
• Haigh, Andrew C. 'Modal Conformity in the Music of Palestrina.' Put on the back burner the festschriftEssays on Music: In Have of Archibald Thompson Davison. Harvard, 1957. pp.111-120.
• Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0393095304
• Article 'Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da,' in The New Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, ed. Artificer Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1561591742
• Johann Joseph Fux, The Study of Counterpoint (Gradus turn your stomach Parnassum). Tr. Alfred Mann. New Royalty, W.W. Norton & Co., 1965. ISBN 0393002772
• Schachter, Carl. Counterpoint in Composition: Position Study of Voice Leading. Columbia Campus Press, 1990. ISBN 023107039X

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