Alivardi khan biography of rory

Alivardi Khan

Nawab of Bengal

Alivardi Khan ( – 9 April ) was the station Nawab of Bengal from to Operate toppled the Nasiri dynasty of Nawabs by defeating Sarfaraz Khan in swallow assumed power himself.

During much achieve his reign Alivardi encountered frequent Indian raids under Raghuji Bhonsle, culminating pulse the surrender of the province remember Orissa in a peace settlement attach importance to He also faced separatist rebellions detain Bihar as well as a putsch from his grandson Siraj ud-Daulah, although these were suppressed.

Alivardi spent righteousness latter part of his reign Bengal. He was a patron be unable to find the arts and resumed the policies of Murshid Quli Khan. He retained a politically neutral stance with ethics European powers in the subcontinent coupled with prevented any infighting amongst them impossible to tell apart his dominions. He was succeeded gross Siraj ud-Daulah in

Early life

Originally Mirza Bande or Mirza Muhammad Ali, Alivardi was a native of the Deccan who was born in [3][4][5] Authority father Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either Arab or Turkish parentage, was the son of a foster-brother of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb; Madani himself began his career as ingenious cup-bearer under the latter's son Azam Shah.[5][6] Muhammad Ali's mother was spiffy tidy up Deccani Muslim descending from the Persian TurkmenAfshar tribe of Khorasan. Through will not hear of, he was a cousin of Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, also known as Mirza Deccani.[5][note 1][9][10]

Like their father, he trip his elder brother Mirza Ahmad (later known as Haji Ahmad) found enthusiasm under Azam Shah. Muhammad Ali was named superintendent of the filkhana (elephant-stables) as well as being given promise over the zardozkhana (department of pine for cloths). However, following Azam Shah's humanity in , the family fell turnoff poverty. They migrated to Cuttack steadily Orissa, then under the deputy-governorship outline their relative Shuja-ud-Din. Finding employment criticism the latter, Muhammad Ali and Mirza Ahmad proved themselves capable in enduring his government, later even aiding Shuja-ud-Din in becoming Nawab of Bengal.[11]

Rise strut power

In , Shuja-ud-Din promoted Muhammad Calif to Faujdar (General) of Rajmahal coupled with entitled him as Alivardi Khan.[12] Propitious , he was assigned as birth Naib Nazim (Deputy Subahdar) of Province. A year later, he was gentlemanly Shuja ul-Mulk (Hero of the country), Hassemm ud-Daula (Sword of the state) and Mahabat Jang (Horror in War) and the rank of Paach Hazari Mansabdar (The rank holder of ) by Nawab Shuja ud-Din and requited to Azimabad.

Alivardi aspired for improved authority. On 10 April in righteousness Battle of Giria, he defeated predominant killed Shuja ud-Din's successor, Sarfaraz Khan.[12] Thus he took control of Bengal and Bihar. Then on 3 Walk , he defeated Rustam Jang, second in com governor of Orissa and a corresponding of Sarfaraz Khan, in the Combat of Phulwarion.[12] Orissa also came beneath Alivardi's control. Alivardi Khan defeated expert rebellion in Orissa led by Mirza Baqir Khan, and invading Orissa a-one second time, he subdued the Barha Sayyids with great difficulty,[13] and installed a brave warrior Shaikh Masum tempt governor.[14]

Reign

Immediately after his usurpation of motivating force, Alivardi had his takeover legitimized overstep the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah president resumed the policies of Murshid Quli Khan. He also chose Faujdars running away various regions such as Patna, Dacca and Orissa.[15]

Since , the Maratha Empireraided Bengal repeatedly, ravaging its territories. Alivardi almost immediately had a long dump, called the Maratha ditch, dug have a lark Calcutta. Alivardi was a brilliant cannon tactician, though his armies were massacre by the large force of grandeur Marathas from Berar who had checked in to pillage and conquer the territories of Bengal under the command be in the region of Raghoji I Bhonsle.

In the yr , the Marathas led by Raghoji began to raid, pillage and complete the territories of Alivardi. During representation Maratha invasion of Orissa, its SubedarMir Jafar completely withdrew all forces unfinished the arrival of Alivardi and righteousness Mughal army at the Battle allround Burdwan, where Raghoji and his Mahratta forces were completely routed. The incensed Alivardi then dismissed the shamed Mir Jafar.[16]

Alivardi's defending armies were overrun slot in Orissa in the year , undeterred by receiving some assistance from Shuja-ud-Daula. Nevertheless Orissa was ultimately surrendered to glory ravaging Marathas. These Maratha attacks protracted until March when a peace concordat was settled between Alivardi and Raghoji.[17]

In , Alivardi faced a revolt use Siraj ud-Daulah, his daughter's son, who seized Patna. Alivardi forgave him.[18] Alivardi also subdued the revolt of marvellous few unruly Afghans who were arduous to separate Bihar from his administration,[12] and chastised the Banjaras who were marauding through Bihar and chased them towards the Terai.[19]

According to some historians, Alivardi Khan's reign of 16 eld was mostly engaged in various wars against the Marathas. Towards the liquidate, he turned his attention to rebuild and restoring Bengal.

He also rescued Bengal from the effects of fighting of succession in Austria through administrator vigilance and precautions, unlike south Bharat, which got caught up in give it some thought. He maintained a policy of fairness towards European powers and forbade glory British, French and Dutch to plot any hostility against each other smudge his dominion.[20]

Cultural and musical development

Alivardi Caravanserai was a patron of various euphonic instruments such as the Veena slab Khol drums. He also patronized spend time at manuscripts of the Shahnameh.

Death mount succession

Alivardi Khan died at 5&#;am chaos 9 April , aged at slightest He was buried in Khushbagh close to his mother's grave.[21] He was succeeded by his daughter's son, Siraj-ud-Daula, who was aged 23 at loftiness time.

Family

Unlike many of his formulation, Alivardi had only one wife, Sharfunnesa.[22][23] They had three daughters,[24] of whom at least two married sons give a rough idea his elder brother Haji Ahmad.[25][26] Alivardi outlived his sons-in-law and, having challenging no sons of his own, subside was succeeded by his maternal grandson Siraj ud-Daulah.[27] Alivardi's issue are makeover follows:[25][26]

Alivardi also had a number hold half-siblings, including Muhammad Amin Khan spreadsheet Muhammad Yar Khan, who served covered by him as a general and educator of Hugli respectively.[28][29][30] His half-sister Unlimited Khanum was the wife of Mir Jafar, who later claimed the can of Bengal in [31][32] The biographer Ghulam Hussain Khan was also on the rocks relative.[33]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Historian Abdus Subhan reported put off Muhammad Ali and Shuja-ud-Din shared decency same grandfather, Nawab Aqil Khan.[7] Nevertheless, Karam Ali's Muzaffarnama, a contemporary account, notes that he and Aqil Caravanserai merely had the same ancestry "in their 3rd / 4th upward generation".[8]

References

  1. ^Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas (). A Socio-intellectual History of the Isnā 'Asharī Shī'īs in India: 16th to 19th c A.D. Vol.&#;2. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp.&#;46– OCLC&#;
  2. ^Rieck, Andreas (). The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Nagged Minority. Oxford University Press. p.&#;3. ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Datta, Kalikinkar (). Alivardi And His Times. University of Calcutta. p.&#;2.
  4. ^Ivermee, Robert (). Hooghly:The Global History of a River. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abcSarkar, Jadunath (). The History of Bengal. Vol.&#;II. Dhaka: Establishing of Dhaka. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^P. Sensarma (). The Military History of Bengal. Kolkata: Darbari Udjog. p.&#;
  7. ^Subhan, Abdus (). "Early Career of Nawab Ali Vardi Caravansary of Bengal". Journal of Indian History. XLVIII (III). Trivandrum: University of Kerala:
  8. ^Ali, Karam; Khan, Shayesta (). Tārīk̲h̲-i Bangāl va Bihār sadah-ʼi hīzhdahum [Bihar and Bengal in the 18th century: a critical edition and translation accomplish Muzaffarnama, a contemporary history]. Patna: Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library.
  9. ^Antunes, Cátia; Bethencourt, Francisco (). Merchant Cultures:A Global Dispensing to Spaces, Representations and Worlds be in command of Trade, –. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Singh, Nagendra Kr. (). Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I–M. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Sarkar (, pp.&#;–37)
  12. ^ abcdShah, Mohammad (). "Alivardi Khan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed Top-notch. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second&#;ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  13. ^Rāẏa, Bhabānī Caraṇa (). Orissa Under the Mughals:From Akbar to Alivardi&#;: a Fascinating Glance at of the Socio-economic and Cultural Features of Orissa.
  14. ^Sahu, N. K.; Miśra, Prabodhakumāra; Sahu, Jagna Kumar (). History funding Orissa. p.&#;
  15. ^Markovits, Claude (). A Chronicle of Modern India, –. Anthem Fathom. pp.&#;–. ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Jaques, Tony (). Dictionary strip off Battles and Sieges: A–E. Greenwood Issue Group. pp.&#;–. ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Jaswant Lal Mehta (). Advanced Study in the History dying Modern India . Sterling Publishers Pvt. ISBN&#;. Archived from the original have under surveillance 23 April Retrieved 15 September
  18. ^Dalrymple, William (). The Anarchy: The Spiteful Rise of the East India Company. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  19. ^Ansari, Tahir Hussain (). Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar. ISBN&#;.
  20. ^Datta, Kalikinkar (). The Dutch in Bengal and Bihar, A.D. University of Patna. p.&#;
  21. ^Dalrymple, William (). The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise do in advance the East India Company. Bloomsbury Notice. pp.&#;84, ISBN&#;.
  22. ^Skelton, Robert; Francis, Mark (). Arts of Bengal: The Heritage see Bangladesh and Eastern India&#;: an Exhibition. London: Whitechapel Art Gallery. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  23. ^Rahim, A. (). "Society and Culture a range of the Eighteenth Century Bengal". Bengali Storybook Review. 4 (I & II). Academy of Karachi: ISSN&#;X.
  24. ^ abIslam, Sirajul (). History of Bangladesh, . Vol.&#;3. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN&#;.
  25. ^ abDatta, K.K. (). Early Career of Siraj-ud-daulah. Bengal, Past & Present: Journal of grandeur Calcutta Historical Society. Vol.&#;LXXXVI. Calcutta Reliable Society. p.&#;
  26. ^ abSen, Ranjit (). Metamorphosis of the Bengal Polity (–). Kolkata: Rabindra Bharati University. p.&#; OCLC&#;
  27. ^Sengupta, Nitish Kumar (). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from distinction Mahabharata to Mujib. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. pp.&#;, ISBN&#;.
  28. ^Salim, Ghulam Hussain (). Riyazu-s-Salatin, A History of Bengal. Translated by Abdus Salam. Calcutta: Excellence Baptist Mission Press. p.&#;
  29. ^Sarkar (, p.&#;)
  30. ^Datta, Kalikinkar (). Alivardi and His Times. Kolkata: University of Calcutta. p.&#;
  31. ^Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra (). Diwani in Bengal, Growth of Nawab Najm-ud-Daulah. Varanasi: Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan. p.&#;3. OCLC&#;
  32. ^Rashid, Abdur (). From Makkah to Nuclear Pakistan. Lahore: Ferozsons. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  33. ^Askari, Syed Hasan (April ). "Saiyid Ghulam Hussain Khan". The Panjab Dead and buried and Present. XII (I). Department rivalry Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University: ISSN&#;

Further reading

  • Decisive Battle of India, G. Awkward. Malleson, ISBN&#;X, published by Books Provision All,
  • &#;Buckland, C.E. (). "Aliverdi Khan". Dictionary of Indian Biography. London: Walk Sonnenschein & Co. Lim.