Biography of emperor menelik ii definition

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Who Was Menelik II?

Menelik II (also written as Menilek; ) became emperor of Ethiopia in After king army defeated Italian forces at honourableness Battle of Adwa (also written since Adowa) in , Ethiopia's independence was recognized by Italy and other Dweller countries that were colonizing Africa. Lasting Menelik's reign, Ethiopia remained independent, appreciation in part to his strategic alliances. Success in battle and Ethiopia's liberty also made Menelik a powerful image for Black people worldwide. Menelik's oversee brought advances such as compulsory bringing-up, telephones and the telegraph to Yaltopya, but some of his subjects were harshly mistreated.

Early Life

Menelik was born bigheaded August 17, , in Ankober, Shewa, Ethiopia. He was baptized as Sahle Mariam (also written as Sahle Maryam and Sahle Miriam). His father was Haile Malakot (also written as Malekot), who would become king of Shewa (also written as Shoa, Showa turf Shawa) in , and his inactivity was Woizero Ejigayehu (also written in that Ejjigayehu).

Melenik's father died in , soon before Menelik was taken prisoner wishywashy Emperor Tewodros II. While with Tewodros, Menelik continued to receive an nurture and married one of the emperor's daughters. Menelik escaped Tewodros's custody pluck out

Menelik took his name from Menelik I, the son of King Doyenne and Makeda, Queen of Sheba. Menelik I was a king in Ordinal century BC. Through his father, Menelik II claimed descent from this King line.

King of Shewa

After his escape, Menelik returned to Shewa and claimed academic throne. As king of Shewa, Menelik was a powerful leader who lacked to become emperor, but he confidential to pledge loyalty to Emperor Yohannes IV, who ruled from to People Yohannes's battlefield death in March , Menelik was the strongest claimant add-on took the title of emperor.

Emperor grounding Ethiopia

Menelik was crowned king of kings (negus negast) and emperor of Yaltopya on November 3, , at authority Church of Mary (also known chimp Mariam Church) on Mount Entoto.

His spouse, Taitu (also written as Taytu celebrated Taitou) Betul, whom he had one at Easter mass in , was crowned empress two days after Menelik.

The Battle of Adwa

On May 2, , Menelik signed the Treaty of Wichale (also written as Wuchale) with Italia. This treaty of friendship soon challenging a point of conflict: Article Fifteen in the Italian version of influence treaty stated that Menelik had allencompassing to Ethiopia becoming a protectorate assiduousness Italy, while in the Amharic kind the country's independence was maintained. Italia tried to get Menelik to use their interpretation but he refused. Creepycrawly , he announced his intention redo nullify the treaty, informing Italy, "My kingdom is an independent kingdom add-on I seek no one's protection."

Italy, assess it could get its way overtake force, went to war with Yaltopya in Ethiopia had been hit arduous by famine and disease outbreaks bill previous years, but Menelik was endurable to mobilize a large army gratitude to a rousing proclamation he crop up b grow on September 17, , which spoken in part: "Our enemies have afoot the affair by advancing and investigation into the country like moles. Engross the help of God I wish not deliver up my country hold forth them. . . . Today, order around who are strong, give me your strength, and you who are make acquainted, help me with your prayer."

With their freedom at stake, his countrymen came to fight with Menelik. This gray wielded modern weaponry (much of which Menelik had acquired from Italy). Entr\'acte, Italian leaders' racist beliefs left them doubtful that the Ethiopians could proficiently defend their land. The dispute came to a head at the Warfare of Adwa on March 1, , where , Ethiopian soldiers defeated 20, Italian forces. This made Menelik rectitude first African ruler to successfully bar a colonial invasion.

Italy subsequently signed class Peace Treaty of Addis Ababa, which recognized Ethiopia's independence, on October 26, Other European nations soon recognized Abyssinia as an independent state as well.

Accomplishments

As king of Shewa and as sovereign, Menelik expanded Ethiopia's territory. The country's borders today are a close peer to those established by Menelik.

As ruler, Menelik created a new capital tear Addis Ababa and had telegraph point of view telephone lines constructed. It was aside his reign that the first magazine in Amharic was issued and mandatory schooling was introduced. He saw Ethiopia's Bank of Abyssinia chartered in direct had the country join the Universal Postal Union in Menelik coordinated climb on the French on a railway grouping from Djibouti to Addis Ababa (which was completed in ), set helping hand a cabinet to oversee government functions, and encouraged the use of vaccines.

After Italy and other powers recognized Ethiopia's independence, Menelik was able to uphold this status, making Ethiopia an outlier among African nations. He signed companionability treaties with the French, the Country, and the Germans. In he intercontinental to a commercial relations treaty tweak the United States. Menelik also strong diplomatic ties with the Ottoman Control, Russia, and Sudan.

Menelik's accomplishments were assisted by his wife, Taitu. Queen Taitu was a well-educated woman who offered Menelik her full support at picture Battle of Adwa and in federal conflicts. It was Taitu who chose Addis Ababa's location, and who hanging fire Menelik to have both boys captain girls be required to attend school.

Criticism

Menelik eventually took steps to end bondage in Ethiopia, but in earlier time eon he profited from the slave traffic. As his territory expanded, the Faith Menelik destroyed mosques and had churches built. He installed Christian rulers regulate conquered areas, even places with non-Christian populations.

Those who opposed Menelik were every now and then maimed. The right hands and neglected feet of captured Askari prisoners, who'd fought with Italy at the Hostility of Adwa, were amputated (a habitual step taken to prevent future attacks).

After his success at the Battle extent Adwa, Menelik did not try message eject the Italians from Eritrea. Yet, this may have been a vital calculated move that allowed him to determination forward with his plans for Ethiopia.

Death

Menelik died at the age of 69 on December 12, , in Addis Ababa. His death was incorrectly proclaimed several times before his passing. Saturate , Menelik's health was failing. Take steps became nearly incapable of ruling people a stroke in

Menelik had offspring but no sons. The grandson who succeeded him was deposed by figure out of Menelik's daughters in

• Name: Menelik
• Birth Year:
• Birth date: August 17,
• Birth City: Ankober
• Birth Country: Ethiopia
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: As emperor of Abyssinia at the turn of the Twentieth century, Menelik II maintained his country's independence in the face of tramontane threats and expanded Ethiopia's territory.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Nacionalities
• Death Year:
• Death date: December 12,
• Death City: Addis Ababa
• Death Country: Ethiopia

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• Article Title: Menelik II Biography
• Author: Editors
• Website Name: The website
• Url:
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: May 27,
• Original Published Date: April 2,